Classification

Question 1

What does it mean that classification systems are a hierarchy?

Answer 1

There are levels of organisation in the system:
bigger groups are subdivided into smaller groups

Question 2

Define biodiversity:

Answer 2

The variety of life on earth

Question 3

What are classification schemes used for?

Answer 3

To organise the huge range of biodiversity into groups.

Question 4

How are organisms grouped?

Answer 4

Based on common features and characteristics (traits)

Question 5

What did Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) devise?

Answer 5

Linnaeus devised a system of classification for living organisms known as the :
Linnaean taxonomy
This system organizes organisms into hierarchical categories called taxa, which range from broad to specific.

He also devised: Binomial naming system

Question 6

What is a taxon?

Answer 6

Shared features/ characteristics (traits) of the organisms were used to group them s single group (the taxon)

Question 7

Arrangement of taxa?

Answer 7

Arranged from biggest to smallest and become more specific as the size of the group gets smaller

Question 8

Name the 7 taxonomic groups from biggest to smallest:

Answer 8

-Kingdom
-Phylum / phyla (animals) OR division (plants)
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus (genera)
-Species

Question 9

Why was the binomial naming system (LATIN) useful for classification.

Answer 9

Latin was understood universally by scientists, therefore organisms could be identified and named accurately. This eliminated confusion and incorrect naming and classification
AND
Meaning of words wouldn’t change over time.

Question 10

Structure of BINOMIAL NAMING SYSTEM

Answer 10

(Genus) (species)

Underlined **

Question 11

Scientific name of HUMANS

Answer 11

Homo sapiens

Question 12

The kingdom system of Linnaeus:
THE 5 MAIN KINGDOMS OF LIVING ORGANISMS:

Answer 12

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

Question 13

The kingdom system of Linnaeus:
THE 5 MAIN KINGDOMS OF LIVING ORGANISMS:

Answer 13

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

Question 14

How are organisms grouped into the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 14

Based on Diagnostic features

1. Body structure
2. Cell structure
3. Cell wall composition
4. Mode of nutrition
5. Type of reproduction

Question 15

monera: body structure

Answer 15

Unicellular / colonies

Question 16

Protista: body structure

Answer 16

Unicellular / Multicellular

Question 17

Fungi: body structure

Answer 17

Multicellular

(Few are unicellular - eg. Yeast)

Question 18

Plantae: body structure

Answer 18

Multicellular

Question 19

Animalia: body structure

Answer 19

Multicellular

(Some unicellular -amoeba)

Question 20

Monera: cell structure

Answer 20

Prokaryotic

Question 21

Protista: cell structure

Answer 21

Eukaryotic (true nucleus)

Question 22

Fungi: cell structure

Answer 22

Eukaryotic

Question 23

Plantae: cell structure

Answer 23

Eukaryotic

Question 24

Animalia: cell structure

Answer 24

Eukaryotic

Question 25

Monera: cell wall composition

Answer 25

Cellulose (Some : chitin)

Question 26

Protista: cell wall composition

Answer 26

Cellulose (Some none) (Some chitin)

Question 27

Fungi: cell wall composition

Answer 27

Chitin (Some: cellulose)

Question 28

Plantae: cell wall composition

Answer 28

Cellulose

Question 29

Animalia: cell wall composition

Answer 29

None

Question 30

Monera: mode of nutrition

Answer 30

Heterotroph (Some autotroph : Cyanobacteria)

Question 31

Protista: mode of nutrition

Answer 31

Heterotrophic; (Some autotroph)

Question 32

Fungi: mode of nutrition

Answer 32

Heterotroph

Question 33

Plantae: mode of nutrition

Answer 33

Autotrophic (Some: heterotrophic)

Question 34

Animalia: mode of nutrition

Answer 34

Heterotrophic

Question 35

Monera: type of reproduction

Answer 35

Asexual

Question 36

Protista: type of reproduction

Answer 36

* Asexual: in favourable (good) conditions *Sexual: in unfavourable conditions only. (Survival)

Question 37

Fungi: type of reproduction

Answer 37

* Asexual: favourable conditions * Sexual: unfavourable conditions only

Question 38

Plantae: type of reproduction

Answer 38

* Asexual: favourable conditions *Sexual: unfavourable conditions only **EXCEPT: Angiosperms (flowering plants) = Sexual reproduction

Question 39

Animalia : type of reproduction

Answer 39

Sexual OR Asexual (unicellular organisms)

Question 40

Why are viruses not classified into a group

Answer 40

Viruses are non-living: inactive until in a cell

Question 41

Which kingdoms are microorganisms.

Answer 41

CAN’T BE SEEN WITH NAKED EYE 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi

Question 42

Which kingdoms are macro-organisms ?

Answer 42

CAN BE SEEN WITH NAKED EYE 1. Fungi 2. Plantae 3. Animalia

Question 43

Define: Organism

Answer 43

An organism must possess the 7 life processes to be classified as living (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Question 44

Define: Microorganisms

Answer 44

These organisms are not visible to the naked eye. Magnification allows them to be seen (microscope, hand lens) *Viruses don’t belong to a kingdom but are also microorganisms

Question 45

Define: Macroorganisms

Answer 45

Organisms which are larger than microorganisms and are visible to the naked eye.

Question 46

Define: Species

Answer 46

A species is a group of organisms with: 1. Shared characteristics 2. Living in a defined area 3. Close enough to interbreed 4. Produce a fertile offspring

Question 47

Define: viruses

Answer 47

Viruses are not currently classed as a living organism as they do not present the 7 life processes. *they only REPRODUCE (must be inside cell to do so) * ACELLULAR (not true cell): parasitic particles organised at basic level *Only active once inside host cell , using host cell’s structures to reproduce. When they are not inside the cell, they are inert (inactive) Eg. HIV, influenza , colds

Question 48

Acellular =

Answer 48

Not true cell

Question 49

Inert=

Answer 49

Inactive

Question 50

Parasitic=

Answer 50

Harmful (Lives on other organisms)

Question 51

Define: Classification/ Biological key

Answer 51

A classification key is a series of questions that determine an organism’s physical characteristics and when you answer one question, it either branches off to another question or identifies the organism.

Question 52

What are keys used for?

Answer 52

1. Identify an unknown organism 2. Work out how to categorise groups of similar organisms

Question 53

Type of key: Dichotomous Key :(flow chart / list)

Answer 53

A tool that uses a series of yes or no questions, statements, or descriptions that are ordered or grouped in pairs in order to identify a specimen within a defined group of specimens.

Question 54

Explain Linnaeus’s contribution to modern biology

Answer 54

Came up with taxonomic groups and 5 kingdom classification used to SORT and GROUP organisms

Question 55

Why is it important to record indigenous knowledge (medicinal use)

Answer 55

Preserves for future generations: cultural heritage More accurate than to pass info down orally

Question 56

Why is it important to record common names

Answer 56

Common names reflects a plant’s apparence and use Most people in community know common name, making it easier for scientists to find * more accessible = increased awareness = increased conservation

Question 57

Why do scientists collect many samples before classifying?

Answer 57

To observe and study: physical characteristics *then group based on similarities and differences

Question 58

Scientist’s next step after collecting samples:

Answer 58

1. Make observations : similarities/ differences 2. Drawings with annotations: to record specific characteristics

Question 59

What type of scientist studies the classification of organisms?

Answer 59

Taxonomist

Question 60

Scientific skill: ready a dichotomous key

Answer 60

Critical physical observation