classification Flashcards
why do we classify organsims
identify species, avoid confusion
predict characteristics
find evolutionary links
define classification
grouping of organisms
define taxonomy
a form of classification that focuses on similarities between different species for ease of naming and identification
define phylogeny
a way of classifying organisms to show the evolutionary relationships between them, every group shows a common ancestor
what are the two types of classification
artificial and natural
what is artificial classification
divides organisms according to observable similarities + differences, characteristics have same function, evolve separately, does not reflect any evolutionary relationships
what is natural classification
based on evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors shared features are derived from their ancestors
may change with advancing knowledge
what is phylogeny
study of evolutionary history groups of organisms
tells us whos related to whom and how closely related they are all organisms have evolved from shared common ancestors
how does binomial naming work
first part, genus (upper case)
second part, species (lower case)
who invented binomial naming
carl linnaeus
what are the five kingdoms
prokaryotae
protoctista
fungi
plantae
animalia
prokaryotae
unicellular
no nucleus/ other membrane-bound organelles
naked + plasmid DNA
peptidoglycan cell wall
small ribosomes
autotrophs
protoctista
unicellular
have nucleus + mbo
some have chloroplast
sessile/move by cilia,flagella/amoeboid mechanism
autotrophs/heterotrophic
fungi
uni/multicellular
have nucleus/mbo
chitin cell wall
no chloroplasts
no mechanism for locomotion
body/mycelium made of threads
saprophytes
store food as glycogen
plantae
multicellular
have nucleus/mbo
have chloroplasts and chlorophyll
cellulose cell wall
most dont move, some gamete move by cilia
autotrophic
animalia
multicellular
have nucleus/mbo
no cell wall
no chloroplasts
move with cilia,flagella
heterotrophic
store food as glycogen
what is heterotrophic
nutrient acquired by ingestion
what is autotrophic
nutrient acquired by photosynthesis
what is saprophytic
nutrient from decaying material by absorpion
