Classification Flashcards
Benefits of binomial naming system
Unambiguous
Latin- universal
Shows similarities such as 2 species sharing a genus
What are the 3 domains
Archaea (extreme bacteria)
Eubacteria (bacteria)
Eukaryota (organisms with membrane bound organelles)
Barophile
Halophile
Acidophile
Thermophile
Baro- high pressure bacteria
Halo- salty environment bacteria
Acid- low PH bacteria
Thermo- high temperature bacteria
Species
Group with similar characteristics that can breed to produce fertile offspring
Phylum
Sub group of a kingdom. Members of same phylum have same distinct body plan
Genus
A taxon containing species with many similarities but enough differences so they cannot produce fertile offspring.
What are the 5 kingdoms
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Prokaryota- no nucleus, 70s ribosomes
Protoctista- eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes
Species evenness
N.O. Organisms in each species
Species richness
N.O. Of species
Why biodiversity is not constant
Succession- change habitat
Natural selection
Human influence
Why is it problematic to have low biodiversity
Organisms provide raw materials
Reduce chances of discovering new plant based/ fungi medicines
Loss of potential food
Equation for biodiversity index
D= 1- (total) n(n-1)/ N(N-1)
N= total number organisms present
n= number in each species
Assumption of genetic fingerprinting
Everyone’s DNA is unique
STR’s
Short tandem repeats (particular sequence is repeated multiple times within an intron
SNP
Change in nucleotide base (single nucleotide polymorphism)
Gene locus
Position of gene on chromosome
Polymorphism
More than one phenotype in a population with the rarer phenotype at frequencies greater than can be accounted for by mutation alone.
Natural selection 6 marker
Variation in population due to random mutations leading to different alleles
Selection pressures act on individuals in population (like predator etc)
Some individuals have advantage due to better alleles (like camouflage etc)
Only they survive AND reproduce
Their good alleles are passed onto offspring
Allele frequency increases
What are the types of adaptive traits
Anatomical traits- opposable thumb
Physiology traits - body temp regulation
Behavioural traits- aggression
Prokaryota traits
Eubacteria or Archaea
single cell
No nucleus
saprotrophic, parasitic or autotrophic
e.g. Salmonella
Protoctista
Eukaryotic
single or multicellular
autotrophic or heterotrophic
e.g. amoeba
Plantae
Eukaryotic
multicellular
autotrophic
e.g. sunflower
Fungi
Eukaryotic
single cell or hyphal
Saprotrophic or parasitic
e.g. mushroom
Animalia
Eukaryotic
multicellular
heterotrophic
e.g. dog
Order of classification pyramid
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(Name = Genus + Species)
What info can be used to make a Phylogenetic tree?
Physical:
-Fossils/observable characteristics
-Homologous structures (similar anatomy)
Positives:
simple, fast, cheap
Negatives:
-Divergent evolution- common ancestor but different functions (pednactyl limb)
-Convergent evolution- share function but not ancestor (wings in butterfly vs bat)
DNA can also be used:
-mRNA base sequences
-Amino acid base sequences
