Classification

Question 1

Benefits of binomial naming system

Answer 1

Unambiguous

Latin- universal

Shows similarities such as 2 species sharing a genus

Question 2

What are the 3 domains

Answer 2

Archaea (extreme bacteria)

Eubacteria (bacteria)

Eukaryota (organisms with membrane bound organelles)

Question 3

Barophile
Halophile
Acidophile
Thermophile

Answer 3

Baro- high pressure bacteria
Halo- salty environment bacteria
Acid- low PH bacteria
Thermo- high temperature bacteria

Question 4

Species

Answer 4

Group with similar characteristics that can breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 5

Phylum

Answer 5

Sub group of a kingdom. Members of same phylum have same distinct body plan

Question 6

Genus

Answer 6

A taxon containing species with many similarities but enough differences so they cannot produce fertile offspring.

Question 7

What are the 5 kingdoms

Answer 7

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Prokaryota- no nucleus, 70s ribosomes

Protoctista- eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes

Question 8

Species evenness

Answer 8

N.O. Organisms in each species

Question 9

Species richness

Answer 9

N.O. Of species

Question 10

Why biodiversity is not constant

Answer 10

Succession- change habitat

Natural selection

Human influence

Question 11

Why is it problematic to have low biodiversity

Answer 11

Organisms provide raw materials

Reduce chances of discovering new plant based/ fungi medicines

Loss of potential food

Question 12

Equation for biodiversity index

Answer 12

D= 1- (total) n(n-1)/ N(N-1)

N= total number organisms present
n= number in each species

Question 13

Assumption of genetic fingerprinting

Answer 13

Everyone’s DNA is unique

Question 14

STR’s

Answer 14

Short tandem repeats (particular sequence is repeated multiple times within an intron

Question 15

SNP

Answer 15

Change in nucleotide base (single nucleotide polymorphism)

Question 16

Gene locus

Answer 16

Position of gene on chromosome

Question 17

Polymorphism

Answer 17

More than one phenotype in a population with the rarer phenotype at frequencies greater than can be accounted for by mutation alone.

Question 18

Natural selection 6 marker

Answer 18

Variation in population due to random mutations leading to different alleles

Selection pressures act on individuals in population (like predator etc)

Some individuals have advantage due to better alleles (like camouflage etc)

Only they survive AND reproduce

Their good alleles are passed onto offspring

Allele frequency increases

Question 19

What are the types of adaptive traits

Answer 19

Anatomical traits- opposable thumb

Physiology traits - body temp regulation

Behavioural traits- aggression

Question 20

Prokaryota traits

Answer 20

Eubacteria or Archaea

single cell

No nucleus

saprotrophic, parasitic or autotrophic

e.g. Salmonella

Question 21

Protoctista

Answer 21

Eukaryotic

single or multicellular

autotrophic or heterotrophic

e.g. amoeba

Question 22

Plantae

Answer 22

Eukaryotic

multicellular

autotrophic

e.g. sunflower

Question 23

Fungi

Answer 23

Eukaryotic

single cell or hyphal

Saprotrophic or parasitic

e.g. mushroom

Question 24

Animalia

Answer 24

Eukaryotic

multicellular

heterotrophic

e.g. dog

Question 25

Order of classification pyramid

Answer 25

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

(Name = Genus + Species)

Question 26

What info can be used to make a Phylogenetic tree?

Answer 26

Physical:
-Fossils/observable characteristics
-Homologous structures (similar anatomy)

Positives:
simple, fast, cheap

Negatives:
-Divergent evolution- common ancestor but different functions (pednactyl limb)
-Convergent evolution- share function but not ancestor (wings in butterfly vs bat)

DNA can also be used:
-mRNA base sequences
-Amino acid base sequences