Classification Flashcards
Classification hierarchy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(King Phillip came over for good soup)
Define domain, and state the three types
Largest taxon that is defined on the basis of rRNA base sequences,
Eubacteria
Archae
Eukaryota
List the five kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryote
Animalia
- eukaryotes
- heterotrophs
- no cell wall
- multicellular
Plantae
- eukaryote
- photoautotrophs
- cellulose cell walls
- multicellular
Fungi
- eukaryote
- heterotrophs
- chitin cell wall
- single-celled
Protoctista
- eukaryote
- mainly single-celled
- no tissue differentiation
Prokaryota
- no nucleus
- no membrane-bound organelles
-peptidoglycan cell walls - circular DNA + 70s ribosomes
Species
A group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile and viable offspring
Divergent evolution
The development of different structures over long periods of time, from equivalent structures in related organisms
Homologous structures
Structures in different organisms with similar anatomical position and development origin - derived from a common ancestor
Convergent evolution
The process by which unrelated species evolve similar physical features due to similar lifestyles and adaptations
Analogous features
Structurally similar features that perform similar functions but evolved independently - different development origin
Ways to assess genetic relatedness
Immunology
DNA hybridisation
