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Classics - Greek Myth > Classics Chapter 20.5: Trojan War > Flashcards

Classics Chapter 20.5: Trojan War Flashcards

1
Q

revisit slide 1 -3, 5

A

awww

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2
Q

Who is the Iliad’s central hero?

A

Achilles

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3
Q

Greatest piece of Gk lit (according to Gk)

A

Illiad

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4
Q

What is the Illiad NOT about (focus)?

A

The trojan war - about characters and uan choices

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5
Q

How much of the Trojan war does the Iliad cover?

A

1 month of 10 years

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6
Q

Chryses

What does he do?

A

priest of Apollo
father of Chryseis
Causes Agamemnon’s camp to be plagued (by asking Apollo) for revenge

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7
Q

What does Agamemnon do to Chryses?

A

He rudely refuses to give back his prize (from Troy village raid), Chryses’ daughter

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8
Q

How does the plague on the Greek soldiers go away?

A

Calchas seer reveals that Chryseis must be returned

Achilles challenges Agamem publicly to give her back so he does

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9
Q

hera jealous thetis hephaestus

A

slide8

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10
Q

Briseis

A

Achilles’ war prize

Agamemnon takes her (and this dishonors him) bc achilles made him give up his war prise

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11
Q

Why does Thetis go to Zeus?

A

to ask him to let the Trojans win for awhile

bc her son Achillles stopped fighting for Agamem bc Agamem shamed him

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12
Q

Iliad take home message: What does it mean to be mortal?

A

accept mortality and responsibility for others’ lives

most make choices, and life/die as result - which are worth death?

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13
Q

Agamemnon’s and Achilles’ feeling towards war prize quarrels; symbolism

A

traditional authority vs. individual brilliance

who deserves best prize?
leader of expedition vs. best fighter/hardest worker
how can 1 amazing individ change estab. cult system?

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14
Q

When does homer include background to war?

A

while greeks start loosing

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15
Q

Diomedes

A

esp. strong Greek hero in Troj war

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16
Q

How does Agamemnon try to get Achilles back?

A

sends negotiators with offer =huge list of gifts + Briseis

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17
Q

Who does Agamem send to negotiate with Achilles?

A

Odysseus, Phoinix, and Aias (Ajax)

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18
Q

What is Achilles’ reaction Agamemnon’s offer? What does this show?

A

refuses- disgusted with values of culture
questions if risking life for glory is worth it (vs. others’ heroic code)

Theme: what is worth dying for?

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19
Q

2 Fates of Achilles

What does he think?

A

mom told him

1) glory at Troy + early death
2) go home, long life, unknown

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20
Q

Pactroclus

A

best friend of Achilles

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21
Q

deal between Achilles and Pactroclus

A

asks Achilles to borrow armor to pretend he’s A - want Trojans will retreat

doesn’t come back as soon as retreat like promised
-> killed by hector (greatest Trojan)

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22
Q

What does Achilles htink about his 2 fates? How does he choose btwn 2 fates?

A

not worth it for agamemnon, but for friends

Indecision causes P death - choose to avenge Patroclus

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23
Q

What does Achilles do after Patroclus dies?

A

he kills so many Trojans that he pisses off the river by clogging it with dead bodies

it attacks him; Trojans retreat

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24
Q

How is Achilles saved from the river?

A

Hephaestus throws fire at it

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25
Q

Lykaon

A

son of Priam

ransomed earlier when caught by Achilles, but killed 2nd time when caught bc Achilles is vengeful

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26
Q

Climax of Iliad

A

Achilles and Hector Combat

27
Q

What does hector do when returns home for a break?

A
  • doesn’t rest despite mom’s / helen’s pleas

- doesnt gve in to Andromache’s alternative to fight inside walls (save self for son)

28
Q

Why does Hector fight?

A

doesn’t want to hear Andromache be captured

NOT glory - can’t hear if dead

29
Q

Most tender moment in Iliad

A

Hector removes helmet (bc his son is scared of him with it) and laughts with baby and wife

30
Q

Astyanax =

A

Hector + Andromache

31
Q

Hector + Achilles battle - what happens?

A

Hector runs around then stays
Achilles stabs with spear
Achilles refuses when Hector asks for burial
Hectors vows that Achilles will die soon - he knows
Achilles ties hector’s body to chariot and drags him around mult times

32
Q

How does Achilles offend the gods? What do the gods do?

A

He refuses to bury Hector - they stop his body from decay

Hermes leads Priam to Achilles to ask for return of body

33
Q

How does Priam persuade Achlles to give back Hector’s body?

A

made him think about what Achilles’ father will feel like when he does

kissed hands of man who killed his children

34
Q

When does Achilles begin to forgive himself for letting Patroclus die?

A

when he is sitting with Priam

35
Q

Achilles and urns

what does he say?
What does he realize?

A

Zeus has 2 urns - 1 of blessing and 1 of evil
sometimes he gives both, sometimes the latter only (death)
man must live despite suffering

war brings compassion for suffering of death (even of enemies)

36
Q

What does Achilles give Priam

A

Hector’s body

P says it takes12 days to bury hector, so he gives 12 days of truce

37
Q

true hero of Iliad

why him?

A

Hector - not achilles bc// dangerous in his excess emotion

38
Q

Poems about fall of troy

A

NOT BY HOMER
Epic/Homeric Cycle
Virgil’s Aeneid- but with Romans as audience

39
Q

Aeneas

A

only Trojan prince ot survive

founds the roman race

40
Q

Penthesilea

A

queen of Amazons
help Trojans side

love at first sight with Achilles - he kills her

41
Q

How does Achilles die? According to who?

A

NOT according to homer

Paris wussily shoots him in heel with arrow

42
Q

Who does Achilles’ armor go to? Why?

A

Odysseus - he gives a better speech than Ajax (best warrior)

43
Q

How does Ajax go crazy?

A

he doesn’t get Achilles armor even if he’s the 2nd greatest warrior

44
Q

Where is Achilles’ ashes placed? Why?

A

with Patroclus’ bc Patroclus wanted it that way

45
Q

Who writes Ajax?

A

Sophocles

46
Q

Who does Ajax intend to kill instead of sheep?

A

Agamemnon, Menelaus, Odysseus

47
Q

Why does Ajax kill himself? How does he do so?

A

feels humiliated; ashamed for wanting to kill the men

falls on his sword

48
Q

Why does Odysseus disguised as a beggar?

A

to sneak int o Troy to steal Athena statue to get Athena’s support to defeat Trojans

49
Q

Neoptolemus

A

Achille’s son that rights in his place

50
Q

Who kills Paris? With what?

A

Philoctetes with Herc’s bow

51
Q

Where is Philoctetes before at Troy?

A

Lemnos with odd disease - cured from it

52
Q

How many men can the Trojan horse hold?

A

50

53
Q

Sinon

A

man left behind with trojan horse -

54
Q

Who thinks of Trojan horse idea?

A

Odysseus

55
Q

How does Trojan horse come in?

A

he escaped from Odysseus, who tried to kill him

tells “secret” - sacred offering to Athena - will secure her protection if taken in city

56
Q

Laocoon

A

priest of Apollo
doesn’t believe Sinon, so shoots arrow in horse
-> 2 sea snakes eat Laocoon and his 2 sons

57
Q

Who murders Priam?

A

Neoptolemus at altar of zeus in P’s palace

vs. Achilles’ compassion - written by Romans

58
Q

Who does Neoptolemus kill?

A

Priam - on altar

Polyxena (youngest daughter) offered on tomb of achilles

59
Q

What happens to Astyanax at fall of troy?

A

thrown from walls

60
Q

Why is the homecoming of greek heroes ruined?

A

Ajax the Lesser rapes Cassandra while she clings to Athena’s image
she ruins it

61
Q

What happens to Andromache at fall of troy?

A

taken as slave

62
Q

What happens to Helen at fall of troy?

A

almost killed by Menelaus in anger
taken back to Sparta

what is this all for?

63
Q

How does Aeneas escape? What is he carrying?

A

his mom Aphrodite helps him

holts sons’ hand, carries father Anchises, who holds gods

Classics - Greek Myth (13 decks)

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