CLASSICAL THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE AND THEIR CONTEMPORARY COUNTERPARTS Flashcards
A single mental ability that applies across all tasks.
g-factor (General Intelligence)
Implicit or explicit theory?
Social interactions → People assume intelligence based on vocabulary, problem-solving skills, or creativity.
Implicit
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to understanding language (e.g., reading, vocabulary).
Verbal comprehension
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to visualizing objects and spatial relationships.
Spatial visualization
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to producing words quickly (e.g., word association).
Verbal fluency
TRUE OR FALSE
If someone excels in one mental ability, they tend to perform well in others due to g-factor.
TRUE
Spearman invented a technique called _____________ that was designed to analyze these INTERCORRELATIONS in order to identify the purported (appearing or stated to be true) sources of individual differences underlying the observed patterns of test scores.
factor analysis
The Theory of __________________ is one of a class hierarchical theories on intelligence.
fluid and crystallized abilities
people’s conception of intelligence
Implicit theories
The most influential theory in the history of intelligence research is the _____________ first proposed by __________
two-factor theory, Spearman
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to math skills, quick calculations.
Numerical ability
Named after __________, who discovered this trend in the 1980s, it suggests that people today score higher on intelligence tests compared to past generations.
James Flynn (Flynn effect)
_____________ proposed a theory of primary mental abilities (7 mental abilties)
Louis Thurstone
Example abilities under s-factor in Charles Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory
Mechanical
Verbal
Spatial
Numerical
_____________, which the ability to manipulate representations mentally, such as those found in tests of spatial ability
Visual Ability (Gv)
__________ theories are subjective, tacit, lay, unexpressed, unspoken theories insight human mind. We usually don’t know about them, but they subtly affect us
Implicit
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to retaining and recalling information.
Memory
_______________ first proposed the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence and further developed the theory with John Horn.
Raymond Cattell
Fluid or crystallized?
- global capacity to reason
- ability to learn new things
- think abstractly and solve problems
Fluid
Implicit or explicit theory?
Job interviews → Employers may judge intelligence based on communication skills.
Implicit
TRUE OR FALSE
The Theory of Intelligence has been the longest lasting and perhaps the most widely accepted in all of the psychological literature.
TRUE
Fluid or crystallized?
- prior learning and past experiences
- based on facts
- increases with age
Crystallized
three classical theories that today have the most influence
g theory
the theory of primary mental abilities
the theory of fluid and crystallized abilities
What are the 7 primary mental abilities according to Louis Thurstone?
1.Verbal comprehension
2. Verbal Fluency
3. Numerical Ability
4. Perceptual Speed
5. Inductive Reasoning
6. Spatial Visualization
7. Memory
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to recognizing patterns and making logical generalizations.
Inductive reasoning
Specialized skills (math, language, music, etc.) in Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory
s-factors (Specific Abilities)
Implicit theories often serve as the basis for generating _________ theories.
explicit
These are scientific theories developed by psychologists to measure and explain intelligence.
Explicit
In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points. This phenomenon is known as the _____________.
Flynn effect
In seven independent mental abilities…
This ability refers to quickly recognizing patterns or errors
Perceptual speed
_____________ , which is alleged to derived from fluid ability, is essentially the ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS through the life course. It is measured by tests such as:
1. Vocabulary
2. Reading comprehension
3. And general information
Crystallized Ability (Gc)
According to this theory, ____________ is flexibility of thought and the ability to
reason abstractly. It is measured by test such as:
1. Number series
2. Abstract analogies
3. Matrix problems
4. And the like
Fluid ability (Gf)
