CHAP 6 - STUDENT DIVERSITY

Question 1

In this stage, children quickly absorb gender norms through observation and
imitation.

Answer 1

Infancy and Early Childhood

Question 2

_________ is a broad concept that encompasses more than race or ethnicity. It includes values, beliefs, behaviors, language, religion, traditions, and symbols that shape how individuals think, feel, and live.

Answer 2

Culture

Question 3

_____________________ helps students navigate multiple cultural environments. They learn to
maintain pride in their cultural heritage while adapting to the broader society. This approach emphasizes that cultures are not better or worse, just different.

Answer 3

Bicultural Education

Question 4

What are some theories that address cultural diversity?

Answer 4

• Assimilation Theory (Cultural Deficit Model)
• Amalgamation Theory (Melting Pot Approach)
• Cultural Pluralism (Multicultural View)

Question 5

In this stage, career choices, family roles, and social interactions continue to be shaped by gender norms.

Answer 5

Adulthood

Question 6

term used to distinguish between people’s relative position in the society, in terms of family income, political power, educational background, and occupational prestige.

Answer 6

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 7

This approach promoted blending different cultures into a single, unified culture. While it aimed for unity, it often led to the loss of individual cultural identities, negatively affecting self-esteem and academic performance.

Answer 7

Amalgamation Theory (Melting Pot Approach)

Question 8

Step-by-step instruction ensures mastery of language elements while preserving the home language. Used in Texas and California.

Answer 8

Mastery Approach

Question 9

This model integrates diverse cultural perspectives into everyday learning rather than limiting it to special days or months. Students explore contributions from different cultures through literature, language, history, and guest speakers. Teachers model the belief that “difference is
good.”

Answer 9

Transformative Multicultural Education

Question 10

_________ are social expectations about how individuals should behave based on their gender.

These influence personality, interests, career paths, and even relationships. They can be reinforced through family, education, media, and cultural traditions.

Answer 10

Gender roles

Question 11

Type of learners that:

1. Learn better in social settings with external guidance.
2. Perceive information as a whole and rely on context.

Answer 11

Field-Dependent Learners

Question 12

Type of learners that:

1. Process information analytically, breaking down concepts into parts.
2. Prefer structured, individual work and self-directed learning.

Answer 12

Field-Independent Learners

Question 13

the explanation that most differences in thinking and behavior between genders are due to socialization.

Answer 13

Gender Schema Theory

Question 14

What type of approach is this?

● Balanced Bilingual Strategies
○ Build on home language rather than replacing it.
● Bridge Approach
○ Gradual transition from cultural to standard English, maintaining informal use of the original language. Effective but controversial.

Answer 14

Transitional Approaches

Question 15

What type of approach is this?

● Full exposure to the new language; some students thrive, others struggle.
● Can harm self-esteem and development, especially in young children.

Answer 15

Immersion Approach (“Sink or Swim”)

Question 16

What are some types of learning styles?

Answer 16

Psychological/Affective Styles
Physiological Styles
Cognitive Styles

Question 17

In this approach, students explore their own cultural identities to better understand themselves and others. While it is popular, it risks treating culture as entertainment when focused solely on special events, such as ethnic food fairs or cultural costume days.

Answer 17

Single Group Study Approach

Question 18

Honoring _____________ enhances teaching and learning by creating rich and distinctive classrooms. When students see their backgrounds reflected in the curriculum, they feel motivated and engaged. Effective teaching today increasingly focuses on addressing and celebrating diversity.

Answer 18

cultural diversity

Question 19

________ is deeply rooted in socialization, governing how individuals behave at home, in public, and within institutions like schools.

Answer 19

Culture

Question 20

it refers to language of a particular cultural or family group

Answer 20

Dialectal Language

Question 21

This approach teaches students about societal inequalities and the impact of discrimination and injustice. It encourages students to think critically and develop problem-solving skills to challenge societal norms and promote fairness.

Answer 21

Anti Bias Education

Question 22

In this stage, peers play a stronger role in reinforcing gender-appropriate behavior.

Answer 22

Middle Childhood

Question 23

it refers to the ways in which students may differ relative to their language use

Answer 23

Linguistic Diversity

Question 24

This approach emphasizes building positive self-esteem and interpersonal relationships among students. It encourages understanding both similarities and differences to foster mutual respect.

For example, students may engage in discussions about their backgrounds and practice empathy through group activities.

Answer 24

Human Relations Approach

Question 25

What are some common Learning Styles?

Answer 25

1. Visual: Learns best through images, charts, and diagrams. 2. Auditory: Prefers spoken explanations and discussions. 3. Tactile/Haptic: Learns by doing (hands-on activities).

Question 26

A type of learning style that relates to sensory preferences: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and environmental factors (light, noise, temperature). Students may have preferences for different physical conditions while learning.

Answer 26

Physiological Styles

Question 27

__________ is known for its rich diversity. A multi-racial, multi-lingual, and multi-religious society. Its population includes Chinese, Malay, Indian, and other ethnic groups. The country has four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil, along with various dialects such as Hokkien, Teochew, and Cantonese for the Chinese, and Gujarati and Punjabi for the Indians. Religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, and Roman Catholicism are widely practiced.

Answer 27

Singapore

Question 28

What are some approaches to multicultural education?

Answer 28

Human Relations Approach Single Group Study Approach Transformative Multicultural Education Anti Bias Education Bicultural Education

Question 29

This is the most encouraged approach today. It values both shared national culture and individual family cultures, celebrating diversity rather than ignoring or criticizing it. Every culture is seen as having its own internal logic and value. Teachers who follow this model promote respect, understanding, and appreciation of all cultures.

Answer 29

Cultural Pluralism (Multicultural View)

Question 30

________________ (1994) notes, "The notion of equity as sameness only makes sense when all students are exactly the same."

Answer 30

Ladson-Billings

Question 31

In this stage, gender identity becomes more complex, often influenced by social expectations and personal experiences.

Answer 31

Adolescence

Question 32

the oversimplification of gender-based characteristics

Answer 32

Gender Typing

Question 33

A type of learning style that is influenced by personality traits, self-concept, and emotions. Includes factors like confidence, motivation, and how students perceive themselves.

Answer 33

Psychological/Affective Styles

Question 34

A type of learning style that is concerned with how students perceive and organize information. Examples: field-dependent (learn better with context) vs. field-independent (analyze distinct pieces separately).

Answer 34

Cognitive Styles

Question 35

teaching model for addressing language diversity by allowing students to learn and socialize initially in the students' cultural or familial language and moving students gradually to standard language usage

Answer 35

Transitional approach

Question 36

In this outdated model, students were expected to conform to a dominant culture, often at the expense of their own. Cultural differences were seen as deficiencies, a reason why students struggled in school. However, research shows that diverse home environments are rich in learning opportunities.

Answer 36

Assimilation Theory (Cultural Deficit Model)

Question 37

refer to the different ways individuals process, absorb, and retain information.

Answer 37

Learning styles

Question 38

Teaching model for addressing language diversity by placing students in classrooms where all instruction and verbal socialization are in the language to be learned

Answer 38

Immersion approach

Question 39

TRUE or FALSE? Research shows that children from upper-SES families achieve higher test scores, better grades, and stay in school longer than lower-SES students. Low SES is positively correlated with lower self-esteem, academic readiness, and school resources, while it is negatively correlated with learned helplessness, achievement test scores, dropout rates, and discipline problems

Answer 39

TRUE