Classical Research - Biological (AO1)

Question 1

How many participants were in Raine (et al)’s study? (In each group)

Answer 1

41

Question 2

How many of the participants were Male/Female in each group?

Answer 2

39 Male and 2 Female

Question 3

What was the Experimental Design used?

Answer 3

Matched pairs

Question 4

What was the Sampling Technique?

Answer 4

Opportunity Sampling

Question 5

What was the mean age of the Experimental Group?

Answer 5

34.3 Years

Question 6

What was the mean age of the Control Group?

Answer 6

31.7 Years

Question 7

What did Raine et al use to screen for the Control Group?

Answer 7

A physical exam, Medical History check and a Psychiatric Interview

Question 8

What is the Name of the Tracer which was injected into the participants?

Answer 8

FDG - Fluorodeoxyglucose

Question 9

How long did the CPT trials last?

Answer 9

10 Minutes

Question 10

How long after the FDG Tracer injection did the actual CPT begin?

Answer 10

30 Seconds later - to avoid a task novelty effect

Question 11

How long after the FDG Injection was the PET scan conducted?

Answer 11

32 Minutes later

Question 12

What were the two techniques that were used during the PET Scan?

Answer 12

The Cortical Peel and the Box Technique

Question 13

What does PET stand for?

Answer 13

Position Emission Tomography

Question 14

What does CPT stand for?

Answer 14

Continuous Performance Task

Question 15

What Experimental Method was used?

Answer 15

Quasi Study (as the IV was naturally occurring and not manipulated)

Question 16

Name two areas of the Brain which were predicted to HAVE brain dysfunction (in NGRI Murderers)

Answer 16

Any two from: Prefrontal Cortex, Angular Gyrus, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Thalamus or Corpus Callosum

Question 17

Name two areas of the Brain which were NOT predicted to have brain dysfunction (in NGRI Murderers)

Answer 17

Any two from: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Midbrain or Cerebellum

Question 18

What did Raine (et al) base the hypothesis off of?

Answer 18

Previous research which linked certain areas of the brain to violence.

Question 19

What was the Aim of the study?

Answer 19

To determine whether there was a significant difference in Brain Activity in NGRI Murderers compared to “Normal” Controls.

Question 20

How many of the NGRI / Experimental Group had Schizophrenia?

Answer 20

6

Question 21

How many of the NGRI / Experimental Group had a history of Head Injury?

Answer 21

23

Question 22

What Sampling Technique was used?

Answer 22

Opportunity Sampling - NGRI were referred to the University of California for investigation

Question 23

How long was the NGRI / Experimental Group Medication-free for before the PET Scan?

Answer 23

2 Weeks

Question 24

Name two areas of the brain which were FOUND to have asymmetry (in NGRI / Experimental Group) and what was this asymmetry?

Answer 24

The Angular Gyrus, Amygdala, Hippocampus and the Thalamus
The asymmetry was a Lower Left Hemisphere activity than the Right Hemisphere (Higher/Greater Activity)

Question 25

Name one area of the brain which was FOUND to have a lower activity in NGRI Murderers?

Answer 25

Prefrontal Cortex or Corpus Callosum

Question 26

Name two areas of the brain which were FOUND to have the same brain activity (in NGRI Murderers compared to Controls)?

Answer 26

Any two from: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus or Midbrain