Classical evidance- Myers and Diener

Question 1

What is Mayer and Dieners study called?

Answer 1

Who is happy

Question 2

What is the background of the who is happy study?

Answer 2

Surveys began to show that religious people were 2x as likely to say they were very happy
Mayer and Deiner wanted to develop an idea about the theory of happiness

Question 3

What is happiness?

Answer 3

Is a state of emotional well being that a person experiences either in a narrow sense when hood things happen in specific moment or more broadly
This occurs as a positive evaluation of one life and accomplishment iverall

Question 4

What is SWB?

Answer 4

Subjective well being
a persons happiness or wellbeing

Question 5

Aims of Myers and dieners study?

Answer 5

Interested in finding evidence towards what makes people happy

Question 6

In the methadolgys what does myers and diener have?

Answer 6

Literature review
Interviews and questionaeies
Observations
Correlation

Question 7

What methodology does the study not have?

Answer 7

No experimental design
Sampling method and sample

Question 8

Methodology- literature review?

Answer 8

Lit review of reaserch on the topic of happiness from the 1980s and 1990’s
their are 3 main step
1) select a reaserch topic
2) collect and read the relevant article
3) wright up the review of the article

Question 9

Methodology interview and questionnaires?

Answer 9

Interviews- closed q’s ‘how satisfied are you with your life’ with options of very/not very/ not at all
the i&q were used to assess happiness and will both produce quantitative data

Question 10

methodology- observations?

Answer 10

Asking people to report what they are doing at certain times
The reasercher will give the pts a beeper and they will have to report what they are doing in the moment creating a sample of people’s behaviour

Question 11

Methodology- correlations?

Answer 11

Used to consider factors linked to happiness
Correlation however doesn’t equal causation
e.g. people with high SWB will have more positive life events but thsi could be a result of being happy or a cause of being hapy

Question 12

Procedure of classic evidence?

Answer 12

Thsi can be classified as the lit review as their was no lit review
They collected and reviews this information but they didn’t directly carry those studies out themselves

Question 13

What is the main methodology?

Answer 13

Lit review
This was a part of content analysis which is what caused happiness, getting an artifact and studying it to find patterns and trends
A part of thematic analysis- a theme that keeps cropping up as a part it the communications being studied and therefore can be sorted into themes

Question 14

What 5 findings are we prioritising?

Answer 14

Happiness and gender
Happiness and money
Traits
Relationship
Faith

Question 15

What are the 5 findings were prioritising?

Answer 15

Happiness and generder
Happiness and income
Traits
Relationship
Faith

Question 16

Findings- happiness and gender?

Answer 16

no real difference
women 2x more likely to depression and anxiety whereas men 5x more vulnerable of drug and alcohol abuse
Happiness and equal balance
80% men and women reported fairly satisfied

Question 17

Findings- happiness and income?

Answer 17

correlation modest
75% of americans at beginning of collage say that being well if is a huge goal
Adults believe it will make them happy
Theirs a strong correlation between national wealth and well being exept ireland (poor) being a happier country then germany (rich)
Poor countries are satisfied when needs are fulfilled

Question 18

Findings- Traits of happiness?

Answer 18

Self esteem- high self esteem and believing they are ‘fun to be around’
Control- can controll emotions and tend to vettwr in school so therefore have little burdens
Optimism- look forward to future dont dwell on the past
Extraverted- open to new views

Question 19

Findings- Relationship with happy people ?

Answer 19

The people with several intimate relationships
Less likely to die prematurely
When reporting feelings of high emotions most people where with family
Holocaust survivors confined in people and therefore where treated quicker
Married people most likely to put very happy compared to never married and divorced peiple

Question 20

Findings- faith and happiness?

Answer 20

People who are religious are more likely to be happy as they don’t engage in dangerous activity’s like drinking and doing drugs
Most likely to have a clean diet
2x more likely to say they are very happy

Question 21

Is there a correlation between age and happiness?

Answer 21

no real difference

Question 22

Is there a correlation between race and happiness?

Answer 22

No real diffenve

Question 23

Is there a correlation between work/flow and happiness?

Answer 23

yes
people with greater work satisfaction have better life satisfaction

Question 24

Conclusion 1?

Answer 24

Adaptation-
Happy peiple tend to adapt to life events
Only events within 3 moths will have a significant impact on
Immediate emotional responses will eventually fade, Frijda says people who win the lottery’s novelty will often wear off

Question 25

Conclusion 2?

Answer 25

Cultural worldview- People’s view of the world will have an impact on how happy someone is

Question 26

Conclusion 3?

Answer 26

Value and goals
Having goals and making progress towards them can predict wellbeling
if people dream of money and work for it they will be happy because they will fulfill there goal

Question 27

Conclusion 4?

Answer 27

By exploring who is happy and why, this research can help people case their prioritys and build a life enhancing human well-being

Question 28

Conclusion 5?

Answer 28

A persons age, sex, race or income does not inform us about how happy someone is

Question 29

Evaluation- methodology self report SEECW?

Answer 29

S- A weekness of this study is that a proportion of the data regarding subjective well being was collected through self report techniques like questionnaires and interviews
E- For example, the data collected about SWB is inevitable subjective, when someone reports their happy theirs no way to confirm that, it may be the respondent are not likely to tell the truth, and present social desirable as they want to appear in good light, reasercher found that social desirability core plates with happiness scores of people who also give socially desirable responces
E- Sugesting reaserch which influences m&d reaserch is at risk of being subjective or invalid
It can be difficult weather a finding us at risk of being subjective or invalid, it’s also difficult to establish weather findings regarding happiness are accurate or a product of social desirability
C- However when friends are asked to rate happiness of the same people the rating correlated confirming original answer
W- This is a weekness as it’s difficult to achieve accurate info regarding happiness and subjective well-being as the method of collecting this data’s at risk of being bias however theirs evidence to go against this

Question 30

Evaluate- methodology correlation?

Answer 30

S- Another weakness is that many finding are correlation meaning that many findings suggest a relationship between factors, but it’s difficult to establish a cause and effect
E- For example, M&D found many links between happiness and factors such as relationships, faith and culture- however this has not been established as a cause and effect relationship
E- This means that we cannot assume that a particular factor is a cause of happiness, the link between marriage and happiness may not be due to the relationship itself but because of the disposable cash (2 incomes)
W- This is a weekness as it’s difficult to understand the true nature of findings as it suggests that happiness is linked to particular factors but not explicitly caused by them

Question 31

Evaluation- social implication (socially sensitive reaserch?

Answer 31

S- A social implication is that the reaserch draws conclusions about the happiness of specific cultural groups
E- In findings regarding to ‘is happiness related to race or culture’ Ingelharts findings suggest that in Portugal 10% or people reported being happy compared to 40% in Netherlands leading assumptions about different groups, we also need to be careful as we wonder if the sample was bias
E- Meaning it can lead a negative outlook on particular groups within society weather this regards particular religions, cultures, races or even financial status, the risk of people developed ng stigma towards groups, assuming their happy or unhappy it’s important for reaserch i avoid creating any stigmatisation around particular groups of people as we don’t want the risk of being treated unfairly
W- This is a weekness as it can lead to venerability and can cause psychological harm

Question 32

Evaluation- ethics low risk of psychological harm?

Answer 32

S- An ethical strength is that their was no risk of harm
E- their was no debrief needed or deception as their was no participant
E- No realtionshi was formed as lit review was done their was no way to lie or harm is because m&D didn’t meet any p so their fore it’s highly ethical
W- Thefore this is a strength as if ps put in a harmful environment it can damage ps and reaserch
Beneficial as they didn’t use any p’s