Classical conditioning Flashcards
learning
a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
classical conditioning
forming associations between 2 stimuli involving non-voluntary reflex
contiguity model
2 stimuli must occur at same time and place
UCS
an external sense that automatically innately triggers us to react
smell of food
UCR
natural response/unlearned
salivation to food
NS
external sense that has no association with organism
sound of bell
CS
after acquisition, NS now has association w/ UCS
sound of bell
CR
behavior that does not occur naturally, must be learned through pairing of UCS &CS
salivation to sound of bell
Aquisition
initial stage in classical conditioning in which as association between a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus take place
Delayed
bell rings, food is presented, bell stops
overlap
trace
bell rings, bell stops, food presented
simultaneous
bell & food happens at same time
backward
present food, rings bell
higher-order learning
when new stimulus is added on top of already established CS
extinction
when a conditioned response goes away
spontaneous recovery
when a thought to be extinct response suddenly returns
generalization
two objects are slightly different and treated the same
UCS (little Albert)
sound of hammer
UCR (little Albert)
a fear response to sound of hammer
NS (little Albert)
white rat
CS (little Albert)
Sight of rat
CR (little Albert)
Fear response to white rat
discrimination
two objects are slightly different and treated different
one trial conditioning
acquisition only takes one time
discrimination (mice)
learn to discriminate because of taste
contiguity
taste- illness associated between stimuli could still occur hour apart
biological preparedness
organisms are more likely to form associations quicker if they ensure survival
Robert Rescorla’s contingency model
for learning to occur the organism must predict occurrence of UCS
Habituation
type of associative learning where organisms grow accustomed and exhibit diminished response
learned helplessness
a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed
