Classical Chinese 14-18 Flashcards
What does 刀 mean?
Knife, blade, sword.
What does 刑 (xing2) mean?
- punishment, sentence; to punish.*
- Model, image, ideal; to provide a model or example for (used for 型)
刑人 thus means “convict” or generally anyone carrying out mandatory labour as punishment for a crime.
What does 厲 (li4) mean?
- Severe, harsh; severity, harshness.
- Sores, ulcers, blisters.*
Meaning #2 (used in L14 text) substitutes for the correct character, 癘. Exposure to the varnish destroys the skin. 豫讓 does this to give himself the appearance of a leper or similar diseased outcast.
What does 友 mean?
Friend.
What does 合 mean?
- To bring together, to unite, to fuse.*
- To close, to shut.
- To be appropriate for, to fit in with.
What does 嗟 (jie1)mean?
To sigh; Alas!
What does 器 mean?
- Vessel, container, utensil.*
- Capacity, ability.
- the second meaning is an abstract derivation of the first; the usefulness or utility of an individual.
What does 塗 (tu2) mean?
- To paint, to coat in mud; paint, mud.*
- Road, path (used for 途)
What does 容 (rong2) mean?
Countenance, face, expression, to adorn [the face].
eg. 士為知己者死,女為說己者容 A knight dies for one who understands
him well, and a woman adorns herself for one who takes pleasure in her.”
What does 尊 (zun1) mean?
To respect, to honour; respected, honoured.
What does 幸 (xing4) mean?
Good fortune; luckily; to favour; to treat well.
What does 形 mean?
External form, shape.
居頃之,豫讓又漆身為厲,吞炭為啞,使形狀不可知 Shortly afterward, Yu Rang again lacquered his body to make blisters [appear] [causes your skin to become disfigured], and swallowed ashes to make his voice hoarse/to be become hoarse and made his appearance unable to be recognized/unrecognizable.
What does 懷 mean?
- To cherish, to harbour, to long for.*
- Chest/bosom; to store in the folds of the garment over the chest.
What does 才 mean?
Talent, ability.
What does 智 (zhi4) mean?
Wise, resourceful, clever.
- The name of one of the clans of 晉.
智伯 The Earl of Zhi
What does 極 (ji2) mean?
Extremely; most; end; furtherest extent; to get to the end of, to fathom.
What does 汝 (ru3) mean?
You. [second person pronoun, often informal or rude.]
汝非豫讓邪? Aren’t you Yu Rang?
What does 泣 (qi4) mean?
To weep.
What does 苦 (ku3) mean?
To suffer, to toil; bitter, toilsome; to find bitter or difficult, to suffer from.
What does 誅 (zhu1) mean?
To execute, to punish.
What does 識 mean?
To recognize, to know.
What does 質 (zhi2) mean?
Substance, matter, essence; substitute, pawn, hostage.
委質 would mean something like 委身, that is, “to entrust oneself.”
既已委質臣事人,而求殺之,是懷二心以事其君也 “Since I’ve already entrusted myself to work for an other person, then if I seek to kill him, this/these longed for disloyal intentions are used to serve my ruler.
What does 近 mean?
Close, near; to approach, to be intimate with, to treat as a friend.
What does 韓 mean?
Han.
- Name of a clan of 晉.
- Eventually became an independent state.