Classical

Question 1

When and what was the classical period?

Answer 1

1750-1820

• classical music as a form of entertainment
• simplistic structure and clarity (vs intricate and textured Baroque music)
• more dynamics (crescendo, decrescendo, sforzando)
• call and answer returned to popularity
• piano=super popular for accompaniment

Question 2

Sonata Form

Answer 2

ABA*

1) Exposition (establishes tone and theme)
2) Development (explores harmonic and textural elements, a B section, deviates from the main theme, may be in a different key (dominant or relative minor))
3) Recapitulation (return to tonic key, resolution (harmonic and thematic), the original theme but with more embellishments/ornamentation)

Question 3

Symphony

Answer 3

Orchestral music composition usually in:

• 4 movements
• sonata form

Question 4

Sonata

Answer 4

• composition for instrumental soloist
• often accompanied by piano
• multiple movements

Question 5

Opera

Answer 5

Dramatic theatre act accompanied by music
Secular
Staged

Question 6

Oratorio

Answer 6

• basically opera but sacred
• mass work for orchestra and voices
• not “staged” in the sense that there aren’t costumes of sets

Question 7

Concerto

Answer 7

Musical composition for solo instrument accompanied by orchestra

Question 8

Missa Brevis and Missa Solemnis

Answer 8

• Condensed mass (omitting lines or sections)

- full/extended/elaborate mass

Question 9

Appoggiatura

Answer 9

NHT-non harmonic tone

-grace note before a melodic note, leads into a beat

Question 10

Cantabile

Answer 10

In a smooth singing style

Question 11

Ostenado

Answer 11

A continually repeated phrase or rhythm

Question 12

Vespers

Answer 12

Songs of religious evening prayer

Question 13

Choral symphony

Answer 13

Symphony with both choral and instrumental sections (ex Beethoven’s 9th)

Question 14

Bel Canto

Answer 14

Beautiful singing
Operatic
Ease, purity, even tone

Question 15

Joseph Haydn ⭐️

Answer 15

Oratorios! (The Creation and Seasons)

• German national anthem
• A German dude

Question 16

Mozart ⭐️

Answer 16

+600 classical pieces

• Magic Flute (opera, features coloratura soprano!)
• fur Elise
• very singable, beautiful pieces

Question 17

Beethoven ⭐️

Answer 17

• went deaf
• fidelio opera
• ode to joy
• symphony no. 9
• pretty average student actually
• pROGRAM SYMPHONY (kinda romantic too but anywho)

Question 18

Antonio Salieri

Answer 18

• Italian teacher, composer, conductor
• taught Beethoven and Schubert
• 37 operas

Question 19

Niccolò Paganini

Answer 19

• violin dude that had suuuuper long fingers and was a show off
• the devil’s violinist
• homophonic

Question 20

John Field ⭐️

Answer 20

• Irish composer and pianist

- creator of the nocturne (a short, dreamt, night-like, romantic piece typically for piano)

Question 21

Schubert

Answer 21

Over 500 vocal works
Lyrical compositions with rich melodies and harmonies
Heilig, heilig
Ave Maria (u kno the one)

Question 22

Mannheim school of composers

Answer 22

• extended crescendos
• accenting the first note in a pair of 8ths
• all instruments but strings drop out at a climax