Classic Type I and Monogenic

Question 1

How is the HLA complex significant for diabetes?

Answer 1

HLA complex contains genes that contribute to genetic susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes

Question 2

Where are HLA complexes and molecules found and what do they do?

Answer 2

. HLA complexes found on chromosome 6
. Genes of HLA complex code for HLA molecules, which are found in cell membrane
. HLA molecules present processed antigens to T-cells

Question 3

What is the difference between HLA class I and HLA class II molecules?

Answer 3

. HLA class I on nucleated cells
. HLA class II on APCs (e.g. dendritic cells or macrophages)

Question 4

Which haplotypes are present in most children with Type I diabetes?

Answer 4

HLA class II haplotypes

Question 5

Is the risk of type I diabetes increased or decreased in a child who shares both HLA class II haplocytes with an affected sibling?

Answer 5

Increased risk

Question 6

What is MODY?

Answer 6

Maturity onset diabetes of the young

inherited, classified as being diagnosed under age of 25

Question 7

What is another name for MODY?

Answer 7

Monogenic type I diabetes

Question 8

Name 2 genetic causes of MODY

Answer 8

Heterozygous mutation of glucokinase or transcription factors

Question 9

What does HLA molecule stand for?

Answer 9

Human Leukocyte Antigen

Question 10

What kind of disorder is MODY? What is it caused by and what are the consequences?

Answer 10

. Heterozygous disorder

. Caused by mutation in autosomal dominant gene, which disrupts insulin secretion

Question 11

What is a haplotype?

Answer 11

Set of genetic determinants found on a single chromosome (many children with Type I diabetes have HLA class II haplotypes)