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Rapid Review - FA > Classic Treatments > Flashcards

Classic Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs

Colchicine is second line

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3
Q

APML

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Mehylphenidate

Amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

AA+disulfiram for patient

Al-Anon for family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

SSRI’s

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8
Q

Anticoagulation in pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12

Workup cause with Schilling test

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11
Q

BPH

A

Tamulosin

Finasteride

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium
Valproate
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitor such as anastrozole

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14
Q

Beurger’s disease

A

Stop Smoking

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15
Q

Bulimia

A

SSRI’s

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B for systemic

Nystatin for oral thrush and esophagitis

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline or Azithromycin (plus ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)

Erythromycin eye drops for prophylaxis in infants

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid in an underexcreter

Allopurinol in an overproducer

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-alpha

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21
Q

CML

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole

If refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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25
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab

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26
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

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27
Q

Cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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28
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)

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29
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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30
Q

Depression

A

SSRI’s

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31
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central)

Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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32
Q

T1DM

A

Dietary intervention + insulin replacement

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33
Q

T2DM

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin

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34
Q

DKA

A

Fluids
Insulin
K+

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35
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

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36
Q

ED

A

Sildenafil

Vardenafil

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37
Q

ER + breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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38
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Also can give ethanol

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39
Q

Haemophilus influenza B

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

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40
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Buspirone

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41
Q

Heparin toxicity (acute)

A

Protamine sulfate

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42
Q

HER2/neu positive breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

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43
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

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44
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin

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45
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

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46
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide

Pulsatile GnRH

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47
Q

Influenza

A

Rimantadine

Oseltamivir

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48
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Erythromycin

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49
Q

Long term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin

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50
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont)

Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

51
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

52
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mefepristone

53
Q

Migraine

A

Sumatriptan

54
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin

Clindamycin in kids

55
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

beta-interferon
Immunosuppression
Natalizumab

56
Q

TB

A

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

57
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline or azithromycin for Chlamydia treatment)

58
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

59
Q

Neural tube defects

A

Prenatal folic acid supplementation

60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

61
Q

Osteoperosis

A

Bisphosphanates

Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation

62
Q

PDA

A

Indomethacin

63
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine)

64
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

65
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

66
Q

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide

GnRH (continuous)

67
Q

Prostate carcinoma

A

Flutamide

68
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

69
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil
Bosentan
Epoprostenol

70
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline

Chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)

71
Q

Ringworm infections

A

Terbinafine
Griseofulvin
Imidazole

72
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

5-HT2A antagonists (second generation antipsychotics)

73
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

D2 receptor antagonists (first and second generation antipsychotics)

74
Q

SIADH

A

Demeclocycline
Lithium
Vasopressin receptor antagonists

75
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea (increased fetal hemoglobin)

76
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Oral potassium chloride

77
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

78
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
MRSA: vancomycin

79
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

Evaluation for colon cancer linked to endocarditis

80
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicilin/cephalosporin (systemic infection/pneumonia)

Vancomycin (meningitis)

81
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

82
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High dose steroids

83
Q

Tonic clonic seizures

A

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

84
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

85
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G

86
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

87
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA

Infliximab

88
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

89
Q

Warfarin toxicity

A 
Fresh frozen plasma (acute)
Vitamin K (chronic)
90
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Cyclophosphamide

Corticosteroids

91
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophile” adenoma”

92
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45XO)

93
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

94
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

95
Q

Primary hyperparathryoidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

96
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, A-1-A deficiency)

97
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

98
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger’s disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

99
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

100
Q

Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

101
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

Increased ventricular filling- left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)

102
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle– aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

103
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

104
Q

STD

A

Chlamydia– usually coinfected with gonorrhea

105
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung (oat cell)

106
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

107
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

108
Q

Stomach carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

109
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

110
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

111
Q

t (8;14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)

112
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion gene)

113
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymalgia rheumatica

114
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma

115
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

116
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma- estrogen dependent, not precancerous

117
Q

Tumor in infancy

A

Hemangioma- usually regresses spontaneously by childhood

118
Q

Tumor in men

A

Lipoma is most common (according to Goljan)

119
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

120
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (children)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

121
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s

A

Nodular Sclerosis

Mixed cellularity

Lymphocytic predominance

Lymphocytic depletion

122
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)

123
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

124
Q

Vitamin deficiency (U.S)

A

Folate– pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects

Rapid Review - FA (4 decks)

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