Classic Treatments Flashcards
Absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Acute gout attack
NSAIDs
Colchicine is second line
APML
All-trans retinoic acid
ADHD
Mehylphenidate
Amphetamines
Alcohol abuse
AA+disulfiram for patient
Al-Anon for family
Alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
Anorexia
SSRI’s
Anticoagulation in pregnancy
Heparin
Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12
Workup cause with Schilling test
BPH
Tamulosin
Finasteride
Bipolar disorder
Lithium
Valproate
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Aromatase inhibitor such as anastrozole
Beurger’s disease
Stop Smoking
Bulimia
SSRI’s
Candida albicans
Amphotericin B for systemic
Nystatin for oral thrush and esophagitis
Carcinoid syndrome
Octreotide
Chlamydia trachomatis
Doxycycline or Azithromycin (plus ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)
Erythromycin eye drops for prophylaxis in infants
Chronic gout
Probenecid in an underexcreter
Allopurinol in an overproducer
Chronic hepatitis
IFN-alpha
CML
Imatinib
Clostridium botulinum
Antitoxin
Clostridium difficile
Oral metronidazole
If refractory, oral vancomycin
Clostridium tetani
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
Crohn’s disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
Cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
Cystic fibrosis
N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)
CMV
Ganciclovir
Depression
SSRI’s
Diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin (central)
Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
T1DM
Dietary intervention + insulin replacement
T2DM
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin
DKA
Fluids
Insulin
K+
Enterococci
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
ED
Sildenafil
Vardenafil
ER + breast cancer
Tamoxifen
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
Also can give ethanol
Haemophilus influenza B
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone
Heparin toxicity (acute)
Protamine sulfate
HER2/neu positive breast cancer
Trastuzumab
Hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
Infertility
Leuprolide
Pulsatile GnRH
Influenza
Rimantadine
Oseltamivir
Legionella pneumophila
Erythromycin
Long term anticoagulation
Warfarin
Malaria
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont)
Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
Medical abortion
Mefepristone
Migraine
Sumatriptan
MRSA
Vancomycin
Clindamycin in kids
Multiple sclerosis
beta-interferon
Immunosuppression
Natalizumab
TB
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline or azithromycin for Chlamydia treatment)
Neisseria meningitidis
Penicillin/ceftriaxone
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
Neural tube defects
Prenatal folic acid supplementation
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D supplementation
Osteoperosis
Bisphosphanates
Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation
PDA
Indomethacin
Pheochromocytoma
alpha-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine)
Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
Prolactinoma
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide
GnRH (continuous)
Prostate carcinoma
Flutamide
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
Sildenafil
Bosentan
Epoprostenol
Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)
Ringworm infections
Terbinafine
Griseofulvin
Imidazole
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
5-HT2A antagonists (second generation antipsychotics)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
D2 receptor antagonists (first and second generation antipsychotics)
SIADH
Demeclocycline
Lithium
Vasopressin receptor antagonists
Sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea (increased fetal hemoglobin)
Sporothrix schenckii
Oral potassium chloride
Stable angina
Sublingual nitroglycerin
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
MRSA: vancomycin
Streptococcus bovis
Penicillin prophylaxis
Evaluation for colon cancer linked to endocarditis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicilin/cephalosporin (systemic infection/pneumonia)
Vancomycin (meningitis)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Penicillin prophylaxis
Temporal arteritis
High dose steroids
Tonic clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Treponema pallidum
Penicillin G
Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
Ulcerative colitis
5-ASA
Infliximab
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
Warfarin toxicity
Fresh frozen plasma (acute) Vitamin K (chronic)
Wegener’s granulomatosis with polyangitis
Cyclophosphamide
Corticosteroids
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophile” adenoma”
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45XO)
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Primary hyperparathryoidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, A-1-A deficiency)
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger’s disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling- left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle– aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
STD
Chlamydia– usually coinfected with gonorrhea
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung (oat cell)
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
Stomach carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
t (8;14)
Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion gene)
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymalgia rheumatica
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma- estrogen dependent, not precancerous
Tumor in infancy
Hemangioma- usually regresses spontaneously by childhood
Tumor in men
Lipoma is most common (according to Goljan)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (children)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Type of Hodgkin’s
Nodular Sclerosis
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocytic predominance
Lymphocytic depletion
UTI
E. coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)
Viral encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe
HSV-1
Vitamin deficiency (U.S)
Folate– pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects