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Rapid Review - FA > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phentynoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis– systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis– female, cholestasis, portal hypertension

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA’s)

A

c-ANCA- Wegener’s granulomatosis with polyangiitis

p-ANCA- microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome

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8
Q

ANA: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease - diarrhea, distention, weight loss

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12
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal x ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods- acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic (M3) type

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: group A strep aka Strep pyogenes

Resistant: group B strep aka Strep agalactiae

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15
Q

Bamboo spine” on x-ray”

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis– HLA B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC’s

A

Howell-Jolly bodies- due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBC’s

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

Boot shaped heart” on x-ray”

A

Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor- can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome

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22
Q

Brown” tumor of bone”

A

Hyperparathyroidism of osteitis fibrosa cystica; deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly and apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescenteric glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

Chocolate cyst” of ovary”

A

Endometriosis (frequently bilateral)

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26
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes- neuroblastoma medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma

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27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis- AR mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs

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28
Q

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

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30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease– basal ganglia disorder characterized by rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals- bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs

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32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies- granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

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33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes– HPV; predisposes to cervical cancer

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34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl;s eye appearance of CMV

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35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie’s eyes” nuclei- papillary carcinoma of the thyroid”

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in the liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

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40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques of Alzheimers disease

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41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl’s eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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42
Q

Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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43
Q

Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on x-ray”

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

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44
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

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45
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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46
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mono (EBV)

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47
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma– Charcot-Leyden crystals; eosinophilic granules

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48
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

49
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB; mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

Honeycomb” lung on x-ray or CT”

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

Hypercoagulability leading to migrating DVT’s and vasculitis

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

52
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia- B12 deficiency characterized by neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency does not have neuro symptoms

53
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

54
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

55
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, neural tube defects

56
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

57
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry A bodies (HSV or CMV)

58
Q

Iron containing nodules in alveolar sputum

A

Ferruginous bodies: asbestosis leads to increased chance of mesothelioma

59
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

61
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

62
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

63
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease

64
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Postreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

65
Q

Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

66
Q

Mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

67
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • Multiple myeloma- usually IgG or IgA
  • MGUS- normal consequence of aging
  • Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (M protein= IgM)
  • Primary amyloidosis
68
Q

Mucin filled with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

69
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String sign (Crohn’s disease)

70
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s c-ANCA positive)
  • Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
71
Q

Needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (MSU crystals)

72
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease (diabetic nephropathy)

73
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staph epidermidis

Resistant: Staph saprophyticus

74
Q

Nutmeg appearance of the liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

75
Q

Onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

76
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Strep pneumo

Resistant: Viridans strep

77
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray– osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

78
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement” on electron microscopy”

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

79
Q

Polished, ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion”

A

Eburnation- osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis

80
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s) and Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease)

81
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

82
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

84
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions of Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumors)

85
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

86
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

87
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

88
Q

Ring enhancing lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

89
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (‘starry sky’ histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

t(8;14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV

Black sky” made up of malignant cells”

90
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies– Pick’s disease characterized by progressive dementia, changes in personality

91
Q

Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray”

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

92
Q

Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits”

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

93
Q

Stacks of RBC’s

A

Rouleaux formation- high ESR, multiple myeloma

94
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells” of Gardnerella vaginalis”

95
Q

Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells”

A

Birbeck granules- Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X; eosinophilic granuloma

96
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn– arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBC’s

97
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

98
Q

Thryoid like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

Tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

100
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

101
Q

Waxy” casts with very low urine flow”

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

102
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBC’s that look smudged””

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

104
Q

Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy”

A

Lupus nephropathy

105
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

106
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner syndrome (45XO)

107
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

108
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

A

Scurvy– vitamin C deficiency; can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis

109
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis– osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard’s nodes), DIP (Heberden’s nodes)

110
Q

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur

A

Aortic valve stenosis

111
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

112
Q

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

113
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN)

114
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

Facial nerve– LMN CN VII palsy

115
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in males

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 linked conditions; Reiter’s syndrome (can’t see, pee, or bend the knee)

116
Q

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)

A

Hemangioma- benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

117
Q

Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome– alcoholic and bulimic patients

118
Q

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple’s disease (Tropheryma whipplei)

119
Q

Worst headache of my life

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Rapid Review - FA (4 decks)

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