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4th Year Ophthalmology > Classic Presentations > Flashcards

Classic Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

A red eye with sticky discharge

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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2
Q

A red eye with watery discharge

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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3
Q

Bilateral red eyes in a young adult with follicles under the eyelid

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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4
Q

Red eyes with string discharge and itch

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

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5
Q

Focal white infiltrates on the cornea and/or hypopyon (thick white line at the bottom of the cornea caused by inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye)

A

Bacterial keratitis

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6
Q

Watery/gritty/red eye, pain, reduced corneal sensation and dendritic ulcer

A

Herpetic keratitis

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7
Q

Bilateral white subepithelial infiltrates

A

Adenoviral keratitis

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8
Q

Red eye with pain and discharge in a farm worker with history of trauma from vegetation to the eye

A

Fungal keratitis

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9
Q

Red swelling around the eye + painful eye movements

A

Orbital cellulitis

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10
Q

A very red eye post-surgery that is painful with decreasing vision

A

Endophthalmitis

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11
Q

A patient with a cat experiences mild flu like symptoms. A protozoa is seen in the retina

A

Toxoplasmosis

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12
Q

A patient with a dog forms granulomas in their eye

A

Toxocara

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13
Q

Inflamed eyelids with scale and dandruff

A

Seborrhoeic (anterior) blepharitis

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14
Q

Inflamed eyelids with loss of lashes/ingrowing lashes/tepee sign +/- styes, ulcers of lid margin, corneal staining and marginal ulcers

A

Staphylococcal (anterior) blepharitis

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15
Q

A patient with rosacea has swollen meibomian glands, dried secretions at the gland openings +/- meibomian cysts

A

Posterior blepharitis

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16
Q

Eye pain, redness, reduced vision and photophobia + cells and flare in anterior chamber on examination

A

Anterior uveitis

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17
Q

Red, irritated eye with the inflammation limited to a specific area of the globe

A

Episcleritis

18
Q

A patient with a serious systemic condition (eg Rh arthritis, Wegener’s etc) has an extremely painful red eye (sometimes with purple hue), photophobia and decreased visual acuity. Ocular pain radiates to temple or jaw

A

Scleritis

19
Q

Trauma to one eye causes inflammation in both eyes

A

Sympathetic ophthalmia

20
Q

A patient is hit with blunt force to the eye with an object larger than the eye socket. Teardrop sign is seen on MRI.

A

Blowout fracture

21
Q

A patient is hit with blunt force to the eye with an object larger than the eye socket. Teardrop sign is seen on MRI. The patient is also unable to look up

A

Blowout fracture + inferior rectus muscle trapped in the sinus below

22
Q

Microaneurysms / dot + blot haemorrhages, hard exudate, cotton wool spots and new vessel formation

A

Diabetic retinopathy

23
Q

Copper or silver wiring, cotton wool spots, hard exudates and flame hemorrhages

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

24
Q

Sudden, painless, profound loss of vision with RAPD, pale odematous retina, poor optic disc contour (fluffy and blending into surrounding area) and cherry red spot on the macula on examination

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

25
Q

Sudden painless visual loss (moderate-severe) with flame hemorrhages, dilated tortuous veins and disc and macular swelling

A

Severe central retinal vein occlusion

26
Q

Transient visual loss characteristically worse on waking and improves during the day. On examination there is flame hemorrhages, dilated tortuous veins and disc and macular swelling

A

Mild central retinal vein occlusion

27
Q

Sudden, painless vision loss + scalp tenderness, headache and jaw claudication

A

GCA

28
Q

Unilateral (mainly) progressive visual loss over 24-48hrs, pain behind eye exacerbated by movement, colour desaturation and central scotoma

A

Optic neuritis

29
Q

Eye cannot abduct + horizontal diplopia worse on distance vision and looking to the affected side + esotropia

A

CN VI (abducens nerve) palsy - affects lateral rectus

30
Q

Vertical double vision worse on downgaze + compensatory head tilt (down and to the side opposite the affected eye) + hypertropia on cover test that worsens on downgaze

A

CN IV (trochlear) nerve palsy - affects superior oblique muscle

31
Q

Eye looks ‘down and out’ with drooping eyelid, large pupil and diplopia

A

CN III (oculomotor) nerve palsy - affects superior, inferior, and medial recti and inferior oblique (eye muscles), levator palpebrae superioris (upper eyelid) and sphincter pupillae (pupillary constriction)

32
Q

Painful CN III nerve palsy

A

Aneurysm

33
Q

Impairment of adduction in a patient with MS etc

A

Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia

34
Q

Headache, enlarged blind spot, blurring of vision, loss of vision and bilateral swollen disks on ophthalmoscopy

A

Papilloedema

35
Q

Loss of vision, floaters, loss of red reflex +/- haemorrhage on fundoscopy

A

Vitreous haemorrhage - can be caused by retinal tear, diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion

36
Q

A short-sighted person experiences a painless partial loss of vision ‘like a curtain coming down’ + sudden onset of flashes/floaters

A

Retinal tear

37
Q

Rapid central visual loss, metamorphopsia (curved distortion of linear objects) and haemorrhage/exudate on fundoscopy

A

Wet age-related macular degeneration

38
Q

Gradual decline in vision, central scotoma (missing central vision) + drusen (white dots) in macula area and atrophic patches of retina

A

Dry age-related macular degeneration

39
Q

Reduced visual fields, cupped disc (large cup to disk ratio) and increased IOP

A

Open angle glaucoma

40
Q

Painful red eye, visual loss, headache, nausea, vomiting, halo around lights, cloudy cornea and stony hard eye

A

Closed angle glaucoma

41
Q

Gradual decline in vision that cannot be corrected with glasses, vision is hazy/blurred +/- glare

A

Cataract

4th Year Ophthalmology (2 decks)

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