Classic Presentations Flashcards
Patient presents with red, itchy rash covering the chest, back and face that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters and lasts for 4-7 days and is accompanied by a fever
Chickenpox
Elderly patient presents with itchy rash in a dermatomal pattern accompanied by fever and neuropathic pain
Shingles
A child presents with extensive ulceration around the mouth, fever and pain
Primary gingivostomatotis
A patient with eczema presents with monomorphic, punched out lesions accompanied by itch and fever
Eczema herpeticum
Patient suddenly develops red papules on the back of the feet/hands, trunk and face in symmetrical distribution. Papules then evolve to plaques and then target lesions (dusky red centre, a paler area around this, and then a dark red ring round the edge).
Erythema Multiforme
Small clusters of waxy-looking, round papules appear in the armpit, behind the knees and the groin
Molluscum Contagiosum
Child presents with sudden fever, sore throat, headache and loss of appetite. Within 2 days, grayish lumps form in the mouth and develop into vesicles, then ulcers which last 1-7 days.
Herpangina
A child has nonspecific flu-like symptoms and, several days later, a“slapped-cheek” appearance and a symmetric, maculopapular rash on the arms, legs and trunk which lasts 5 to 10 days.
Erythema Infectiosum
A firm, fleshy nodule appears on the hand of a farmer
Orf
Patient presents with unilateral red, hot, swollen leg and systemic symptoms (eg fever, chills and rigors)
Cellulitis
Child presents with itchy, honey-yellow crusting and blisters around the mouth
Impetigo
Baby presents with fever, irritability and widespread redness of the skin. Within 24-48 hours fluid-filled blisters form. These rupture and result in blistering skin rash that resembles a burn
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Patient presents with single, painless ulcer on genitles
Syphilis
Patient presents with a red, ring-like rash and then a flu-like illness with low-grade fever, chills, fatigue and joint pain
Lyme disease
Patient presents with what looks like cellulitis but they are in extreme pain
Necrotizing fasciitis
Patient presents with an itchy, red, ring shaped rash with a healed centre
Tinea/ringworm
Patient presents with rash and white scaly spots in the skin folds
Candida
Eldery patient presents with itch affecting the trunk and limbs, and grey irregular tracks in the web spaces between the fingers, on the palms and wrists
Scabies
Older patient presents with a slow growing, pearly nodule on the face with central depression and telangiectasia
BCC
Older patient presents with a crusty lump on the face that has been growing bigger over the past few weeks and is painful
SCC
Older patient presents with a scaly, red patch on the leg with an irregular border
Bowen’s disease
Older patient presents with a rapidly growing brown lump on their face that has irregular boarders and bleeds
Melenoma
Parents bring their teenager in, who has epilepsy and behavioural problems. They believe the teenager may also be developing acne, but you recognise it as facial angiofibromas. You also find that the child has ash leaf macules on their skin, enamal pitting in their teeth and longitdinal ridging in the nails
Tuberous Sclerosis
Patient presents with fragile skin and digit fusion
Epidermolysis bullosa
Patient presents with café au lait macules, axillary/inguinal freckling and neurofibromas
NF1
A patient has a genetic 2000-fold risk of skin cancer before age 20
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Patient presents with well-delineated red, scaly plaques on their elbows, knees, scalp and lower back. Auspitz sign is +ve. Their nails have pitting, onycholysis, dystrophy and subungal hyperkeratosis.
Psoriasis
A patient presents with symmetrical psoriasis on the extensors (elbow, knee), scalp, sacrum, hands, feet, trunk, nails. The plaques are sharply demarcated, scaly and erythematous
Chronic plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris)
Following a strep throat/URT infection, a patient presents with multiple small, salmon pink bumps on the trunk and limbs (looks like a shower of red, scaly teardrops that have fallen down on the body)
Guttate psoriasis
A patient presents with psoriasis confined to the palms and soles of feet
Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis
A patient presents with a patches of depigmented skin
Vitiligo
A 40 year old woman presents with papules, pustules and erythema (but no comedones) on her nose, cheeks and forehead. She also reports facial flushing exacerbated by sudden change in temperature, alcohol & spicy food. On examination you note telangectasia and rhinophyma
Rosacea
A middle aged patient presents with itchy, violaceous (pink/ purple) flat-topped shiny papules on the volar wrists/ forearms, shins and ankles. On examination you find nail ridges and wickham’s striae in the mouth. The gums are also inflammed and peeling and there are white streaks, ulcers and diffuse redness in the mouth
Lichen planus
An elderly patient presents with large tense bullae on the skin that began as itchy erythematous plaques and papules. When they burst they leave non-scarring errosions. Nikolsky sign is negative (a positive sign is when the top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when slightly rubbed)
A middle aged patient presents with flaccid vesicles/bullae that rupture to leave raw areas. Nikolsky’s sign is +ve. Both the skin and the mucosa is involved
Pemphigus vulgaris
A patient presents with a blistering, itchy skin rash on knees, elbows, back and buttocks. DIF shows deposits of IgA in dermal papillae
Dermatitis herpetiformis
A child presents with generalized dry skin in a flexural distribution
Eczema/atopic dermatitis
A patient presents with scattered, roundish patches of eczema
Discoid eczema
A patient presents with scaly dry skin on the face, scalp and centre of the chest
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
A patient presents with hand/foot eczema characterised by vesicles or bullae
Pompholyx eczema
A patient presents with localised area of chronic, lichenified eczema/dermatitis due to scratching/rubbing
Lichen simplex
A patient presents with a sunburn like reaction on sun exposed areas
Photosensitive dermatitis
An elderly patient presents with itchy red, blistered and crusted plaques on the lower legs. Their legs also have numerous varicose veins and are ‘champagne bottle’ shaped
Stasis dermatitis
A patient presents with a leg ulcer that is relatively painless. On examination their legs are also swollen and have varicose veins and a ‘champagne bottle’ shape
Venous ulcer
A patient presents with a painful leg ulcer. The pain is worse at night on and leg elevation. On examination the patient’s legs are pale and cold with reduced pulses. The patient has a PMH of intermittent claudication
Arterial ulcer
An insulin dependant diabetic presents with tender, yellowish-brown patches on the lower legs that have delevoped slowly
Necrobiosis lipoidica
A patient with an autoimmune condition (rheumatoid, IBD etc) presents with a purple hued, very painful, rapidly enlarging ulcer
Pyoderma gangrenosum
A young patient attends clinic for regular nosebleeds. On their skin you notice red dots on their fingertip pads, lips and the lining of their nose
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
