Classic Presentations Flashcards
Presentation:
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly.
Diagnosis?
Budd-Chiari syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)
Presentation:
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use.
Diagnosis?
Clostridium difficile infection
Presentation:
Achilles tendon xanthoma.
Diagnosis?
Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
Presentation:
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC.
Diagnosis?
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
Presentation:
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion.
Diagnosis?
IgA deficiency
Presentation:
Anterior “drawer sign”.
Diagnosis?
ACL injury
Presentation:
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints.
Diagnosis?
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Presentation:
Athlete with polycythemia.
Diagnosis?
Secondary to Epo injection
Presentation:
Back pain, fever, night sweats.
Diagnosis?
Post disease (vertebral TB)
Presentation:
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas.
Diagnosis?
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Presentation:
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis.
Diagnosis?
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Presentation:
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Diagnosis?
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
Presentation:
Blue sclera.
Diagnosis?
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Presentation:
Bluish line on gingiva.
Diagnosis?
Burton line (lead poisoning)
Presentation:
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis.
Diagnosis?
Paget disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Presentation:
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing.
Diagnosis?
Aortic regurgitation
Presentation:
“Butterfly” facial rash and Reynaud phenomenon in young female.
Diagnosis?
SLE
Presentation:
Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas.
Diagnosis?
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Pheochromocytoma
Optic gliomas
Presentation:
Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities.
Diagnosis?
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Presentation:
Calf pseudo-hypertrophy.
Diagnosis?
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
Presentation:
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue.
Diagnosis?
Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)
Presentation:
“Cherry-red spots” on macula.
Diagnosis?
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central retinal artery occlusion
Presentation:
Chest pain on exertion.
Diagnosis?
Angina (stable: with moderate exercise; unstable: with minimal exertion)
Presentation:
Chest pain, pericardial effusion, friction rub, persistant fever following MI.
Diagnosis?
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after episode)
Presentation:
Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG.
Diagnosis?
Troponin negative: Unstable angina
Troponin positive: NSTEMI
Presentation:
Child uses arms to stand up from squat.
Diagnosis?
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
Presentation:
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body.
Diagnosis?
Parvovirus B19 infection (“slapped cheeks”)
Presentation:
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration.
Diagnosis?
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Presentation:
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications.
Diagnosis?
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Presentation:
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria.
Diagnosis?
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Presentation:
Cold intolerance.
Diagnosis?
Hypothyroidism
Presentation:
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia.
Diagnosis?
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF)
Presentation:
Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur.
Diagnosis?
PDA (close with indomethacin, open or maintain with PGE analogs)
Presentation:
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition.
Diagnosis?
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease)
Presentation:
Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm.
Diagnosis?
Carcinoid syndrome (R-sided cardiac valvular lesions, increased 5-HIAA)
Presentation:
Dark purple skin/mouth modules in a patient with AIDS.
Diagnosis?
Kaposi sarcoma (associated with HHV-8)
Presentation:
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation.
Diagnosis?
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Presentation:
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea.
Diagnosis?
Pellagra (niacin deficiency)
Presentation:
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition.
Diagnosis?
Wet beriberi (thiamine deficiency)
Presentation:
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection.
Diagnosis?
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Presentation:
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis.
Diagnosis?
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Presentation:
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia.
Diagnosis?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
Presentation:
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency.
Diagnosis?
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)
Presentation:
Enlarged, hard L supraclavicular node.
Diagnosis?
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
Presentation:
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss.
Diagnosis?
Meniere disease
Presentation:
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells.
Diagnosis?
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
Presentation:
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping.
Diagnosis?
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
Presentation:
Fat, female, forty and fertile.
Diagnosis?
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Presentation:
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis.
Diagnosis?
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)
Presentation:
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash.
Diagnosis?
Measles