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Rapid Review > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

0
Q

antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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1
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

anti-glomerular BM Ab

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (GN & hemoptysis)

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3
Q

antihistone Ab

A

drug induced lupus (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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4
Q

Anti-IgG Ab

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflam, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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5
Q

antimitochondrial Ab

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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6
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCA)

A

vasculitis (C-ANCA granulomatosis w/polyangiitis/Wegeners; p-ANCA microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-strauss)

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7
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith, and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III HS)

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8
Q

antiplatelet Ab

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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9
Q

anti-topoisomerase ab

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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10
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab

A

celiac dz (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)

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11
Q

“apple core” lesion on abdominal XRAY

A

CRC (usually left side)

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12
Q

azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, esp the promyelocytic M3 type)

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13
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: Strep pyogenes (grp A); resistant: Strep agalactiae (grp B)

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14
Q

“bamboo spine” on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflam arthritis: HLA-B27)

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15
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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16
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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17
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemmorhage

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18
Q

“boot shaped” heart on xray

A

tetralogy of fallot, RVH

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19
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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20
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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21
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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22
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ dz (Trypanasoma cruzi)

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23
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic GN

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24
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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25
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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26
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation in CFTR resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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27
Q

decreased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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28
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), B12 def- subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

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29
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s dz (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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30
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

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31
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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32
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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33
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl’s eye” appearance of CMV

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34
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“orphan annie’s eyes” nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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35
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver dz)

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36
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s dz)

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37
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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38
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

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39
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer’s dz)

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40
Q

Giant B cells w/bilobed nuclei w/prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

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41
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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42
Q

“hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on xray

A

B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

43
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

44
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (RF)

45
Q

heterophile Ab

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

46
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

47
Q

high level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

48
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

49
Q

“honeycomb lung” on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

50
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

51
Q

hypersegmented PMNs

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 def: neurologic sx, folate def: no neuro sx)

52
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metab alk

A

Conn’s syndrome

53
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal HgB sometimes present)

54
Q

increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

55
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

56
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

57
Q

Fe-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc chance of mesothelioma)

58
Q

keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

SCC

59
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi dz (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

60
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema xray

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

61
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular BM

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

62
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)

63
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

poststreptococcal GN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

64
Q

lytic (“hole-punched”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

multiple myeloma

65
Q

mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

66
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A
  • multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
  • monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
  • Waldenstrom’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • primary amyloidosis
67
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

68
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

“string sign” (Crohn’s dz)

69
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing GN

A

granulomatosis w/polyangiitis (Wegener’s; c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-BM Ab)

70
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

71
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

72
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive: Staph epidermidis; resistant: staph saprophyticus

73
Q

“nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF

74
Q

“onion skin” periosteal rxn

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

75
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: strep pneumo; resistant: viridans

76
Q

periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

codman’s triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

77
Q

podocyte fusion or “effacement” on EM

A

minimal change dz (child w/nephrotic synd)

78
Q

polished, “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

79
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s dz) and Pick’s bodies (Pick’s dz)

80
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

81
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain bx

A

glioblastoma multiforme

82
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute GN

83
Q

rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

84
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

acute toxic/viral nephrosis

85
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

86
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

87
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

88
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, a/w EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

89
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s dz: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

90
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

91
Q

“spikes” on BM, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous GN (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

92
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

93
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“clue cells” (gardnerella vaginalis)

94
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhan’s cells

A

birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

95
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

96
Q

“thumb sign” on lateral xray

A

epiglottitis (H. flu)

97
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

98
Q

tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM on LM

A

membranoproliferative GN

99
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver dz (alcoholic or metab syndrome)

100
Q

“waxy” casts w/very low urine flow

A

chronic end-stage renal dz

101
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

102
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

103
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on LM

A

lupus nephropathy

104
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (eg due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Rapid Review (5 decks)

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