Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Druge induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic Scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase +, granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
Resistant: S. agalactiae (Group B)

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16
Q

Bamboo spine on X-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)

17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC’s

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBC’s

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

19
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

20
Q

Boot-shaped heart on X-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

21
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfure granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

23
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

25
Cellular crescents around Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (Autosomal recessive CFTR mutation -->fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
30
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
31
"Delta wave" on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
32
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
33
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
35
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia?
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)