classic labs/findings Flashcards
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
anticentromere antibodies
scleroderma (CREST)
anti-desmogelin (anti-desmosome) antibodies
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
antihistone antibodies
drug-induced SLE (hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
anti-IgG antibodies
rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint panes, boutonniere deformity)
antimitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
antinuclear antibodies (ANA: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
anti platelet antibodies
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
diffuse systemic scleroderma
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
“apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray
colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
atypical lymphocytes
EBV
azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
Bacitracin response
Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A)
Resistant: S agalactiae (group B)
“bamboo spine” on xray
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
subarachnoid hemorrhage
“boot shaped” heart on xray
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pan coast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
“brown” tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrous cystic (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chugs disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
“chocolate cyst” of ovary
endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene –> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
“delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supra ventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
