Classic Lab/Diagnostic findings Flashcards
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Anticentromere antibodies</p>
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</p>
<p> Scleroderma <u>(CREST)</u></p> <ul> <li> Calcinosis/anti-centromere antibodies</li> <li> Raynaud phenomenon</li> <li> Esophageal dysmobilitiy</li> <li> Sclerodactaly</li> <li> Telangetasias</li> </ul>
Antidesmoglein (epithelial antibodies)
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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| Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies</p>
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Goodpasture's syndrome</p>
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(glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)</p>
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| Antihistone antibodies</p>
<p> Drug-induced SLE</p> <p> (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)</p> <p> <u>I'M DAMN SHARP</u></p> <ul> <li> Immune (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, VDRL)</li> <li> Malar rash</li> <li> Discoid rash</li> <li> ANA</li> <li> Mucosal ulcers</li> <li> Neurological (encephalopathy)</li> <li> Serosal (pericarditis, pleuralits)</li> <li> Heme: (Low RBC/WBC/Platelets)</li> <li> Arthritis</li> <li> Renal (diffuse glomerulonephritis)</li> <li> Photosensitivity</li> </ul>
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| Anti-IgG antibodies</p>
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Rheumatoid arthritis</p>
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(systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)</p>
<p> Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)</p>
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Primary billiary cirrhosis</p>
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(female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)</p>
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| c-ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)</p>
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Wegener's granulmatous necrotizing vasculitis:</p>
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(Nasopharynx, Lungs, Kidney)</p>
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| p-ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)</p>
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Polyangitis cystica: Lung/Kidney necrotizing vasculitis</p>
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or</p>
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Churg-Strauss syndrome: Lung/Heart <u>granulomatous</u> necrotizing vasculitis</p>
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| anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA ANAs</p>
<p> SLE (type III hypersensitivity)</p> <p> <u>I'M DAMN SHARP</u></p> <ul> <li> Immune (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, VDRL)</li> <li> Malar rash</li> <li> Discoid rash</li> <li> ANA</li> <li> Mucosal ulcers</li> <li> Neurological (encephalopathy)</li> <li> Serosal (pericarditis, pleuralits)</li> <li> Heme: (Low RBC/WBC/Platelets)</li> <li> Arthritis</li> <li> Renal (diffuse glomerulonephritis)</li> <li> Photosensitivity</li> </ul>
Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thromobytopenic pupura (ITP)
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| Anti-Scl-70 antibodies (Anti- DNA topoisomerase antibodies)</p>
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Diffuse systemic Scleroderma</p>
Localized is CREST
(Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phonomenon, Esophageal dysmobility, Scerlodactly, Tanelgectasias)
<p> Anti-transglutaminase</p> <p> anti-gliadin</p> <p> anti-endomysial antibodies</p>
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Celiac disease</p>
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(diarrhea, distension, weight loss)</p>
“Apple core” lesionon abdominal x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts</p>
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Auer rods</p>
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(acute myelogenous leukemia, especially promyelocytic type)</p>
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| Bacitracin response</p>
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Senstitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)</p>
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Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)</p>
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| "Bamboo spine" on x-ray</p>
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Ankylosing spondylitis</p>
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(chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)</p>
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| Basophilic nuclear remanants of RBCs</p>
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Howell-Jolly bodies</p>
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(due to splenectomy or non functional spleen)</p>
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| Basophilic stippling of RBCs</p>
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia</p>
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(small basophilic dots in periphery of RBC: rRNA)</p>
Bloddy tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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| "Boot shaped" heart on x-ray</p>
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Tetralogy of Fallot</p>
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Right ventricular hypertrophy</p>
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfer granules
Actinomyces israelii
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| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor</p>
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Pancoast tumor</p>
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(can cause Horner's syndrome by compressing sympathetic ganglion)</p>
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| "brown" tumor of bone</p>
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Hyperarathyroidism or Osteitis fibrosa cystica</p>
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(Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts)</p>
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</p>
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagras’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cellular cresents in Bowman’s capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentric glomerulonephritis
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| "Chocolate cyst" of ovary</p>
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Endometriosis</p>
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(frequently involves both ovaries)</p>
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| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surronding pale neurofibrils</p>
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Homer Wright rosettes</p>
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(neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)</p>
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| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs</p>
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Cystic fibrosis</p>
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(Autosomal recessive mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)</p>
Dreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome, or other chromosomal abnormality
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| Degeneration of dorsal column spinal nerves</p>
<p> Tabes dorsalis (3<sup>o</sup> syphilis)</p>
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| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia niagra</p>
<p> Parkinson's disease</p> <p> <u>basal ganglia disorder: </u></p> <p> (rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)</p>
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| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum</p>
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Curschmann's spirals</p>
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(bronchail asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)</p>
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| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid</p>
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Call-Exter bodies</p>
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(granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)</p>
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| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlagement and hyperchromasia</p>
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Koilocytes</p>
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(from HPV: raisening of nucleus)</p>
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
“Owl’s eye” appearnce of CMV
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| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei</p>
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"Orphan annie eye" nuclei</p>
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(papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)</p>
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| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell</p>
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Mallory bodies</p>
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(alcholic liver disease)</p>
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| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell</p>
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Lewy body</p>
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(Parkinson's disease)</p>
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| Eosinophilic globule in liver</p>
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Councilman body</p>
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(toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)</p>
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| Eosiniphilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells</p>
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Rabies virus</p>
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(Lyssavirus)</p>
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| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain</p>
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Senile plaques</p>
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(Alzheimer's disease)</p>
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| Giant B cells with bi-lobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")</p>
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Reed-Sternberg cells</p>
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(Hodgkin's lymphoma, CD15+, CD30+)</p>
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| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells</p>
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Schiller-Duval bodies</p>
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(yolk-sac tumor)</p>
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| "Hair-on-end" (Crew-cut) appearance on X-ray</p>
<p> Bone marrow expansion from:</p> <p> Beta-thalassemia</p> <p> or</p> <p> Sickle cell anemia</p>
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| Elevated hCG</p>
<p> Choriocarcinoma</p> <p> or</p> <p> Hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)</p>
Heart nodules
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucelosis (EBV)
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| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions</p>
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Bronchial asthma</p>
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(Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)</p>
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| High level of D-dimers</p>
<p> Deep vein thrombosis</p> <p> Pulmonary embolism</p> <p> DIC</p>
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Hilar lymphadenopathy</p>
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Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)</p>
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Ghon complex</p>
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(primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)</p>
“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
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| Hypersegmented neutrophils</p>
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Megaloblastic anemia</p>
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(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms)</p>
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(Folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)</p>
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| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia</p>
<p> Iron deficiency anemia</p> <p> Lead poisoning</p> <p> Thalassemia</p> <p> (HbF sometimes present)</p>
Increased AFP in in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)
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| Incresased uric acid levels</p>
<p> Gout</p> <p> Lesch-Nyhan syndrome</p> <p> Tumor lysis syndrome</p> <p> Loop and thiazide diuretics</p>
Intranuclear eosinophlic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
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| Iron-contianing nodules in alveolar septum</p>
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Ferrugious bodies</p>
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(asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)</p>
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes</p>
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Immunodeficiency</p>
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Chediak-Higashi disease</p>
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(congenital fialure of phagolysosome formation)</p>
“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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| "Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence</p>
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis</p>
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(immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)</p>
Lytic “hole punched” bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
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| Monoclonal antibody spike</p>
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1. Multiple Myeloma (M protein [IgG or IgA])</p>
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2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermend significance (MUGS: normal consequense of aging)</p>
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3. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM)</p>
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4. Primary amyloidosis</p>
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| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine</p>
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Bence Jone proteins</p>
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(multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine])</p>
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Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)</p>
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
“String sign” (Crohn’s disease)
Needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
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| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli</p>
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules</p>
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(diabetic nephropathy)</p>
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| Novoviocin response</p>
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Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis</p>
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Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus</p>
“Nutmeg” appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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| "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction</p>
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Ewing's sarcoma</p>
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(malignant round cell tumor)</p>
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| Optochin response</p>
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae</p>
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Resistant: Viridans streptococcus</p>
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| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area</p>
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Codman's triangle on x-ray</p>
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(osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)</p>
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| Podocyte fusion on EM</p>
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Minimal change disease</p>
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(child with nephrotic syndrome)</p>
Polished “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphoryalation of protein tau</p>
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Neurofibrillary tangles</p>
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(Alzheimer's disesae and CJD)</p>
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
RBC casts in urine
acute glomerulonephritis
Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
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| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)</p>
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Burkitt's lymphoma</p>
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(t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV, "black sky" made of malignant cells)</p>
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| Silver-staining spherical grregation of tau proteins in neurons</p>
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Pick bodies</p>
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(Pick's disease; progressive dementia, changes in personality)</p>
“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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| "spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits</p>
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Membranous glomerulonephritis</p>
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(may progress to nephrotic syndrome)</p>
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| Stacks of red blood cells</p>
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Rouleaux formation</p>
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(high ESR, multiple myeloma)</p>
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| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells</p>
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| "Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)</p>
“Tennis-racket”- shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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| Thrombi made of white/red layers</p>
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Lines of Zahn</p>
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(arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)</p>
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| "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray</p>
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| Epiglottitis (Haemophilus infuenzae)</p>
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
“Tram-track” appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcholic or metabolic syndrome)
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| WBCs that look "smudged"</p>
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CLL</p>
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(almost always B cell; affects the elderly)</p>
“Wire loop” glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
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| Yellow CSF</p>
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Xanthochromia</p>
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(previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)</p>
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Anti-SS-A (anti-Ro) antibodies</p>
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Anti-SS-B (anti-La) antibodies</p>
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| Sjogren's syndrome</p>
Absent thymic shadow on chest x-ray
DiGeorge Syndrome (22q11 deletion) (CATCH-22) Cardiac abnormality, abnormal face, thymic absence, cleft palate, hypocalcemia (low PTH)
Hemosiderin laden macrophages at lungs
Right sided heart failure
Anti-Jo-1 ANA
Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis
