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1. Classic Rapid Review > Classic Key Associations > Flashcards

Classic Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretions)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL:child
CLL: adult > 60yo
AML: adult ~60yo
CML: adult 45 - 85yo

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5
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions of Crohn disease

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Aortic dissection

A

HTN

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10
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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12
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, gastric malignancies (adeno, MALToma)

A

H pylori

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S pneumo

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

GBS/E coli (newborn)

S pneumo/N meningitidis (kids)

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15
Q

Bilteral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet rings cells)

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16
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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17
Q

Breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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18
Q

Breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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19
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

fibroadenoma

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20
Q

Cardiac tumor, (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, seen in tuberous sclerosis

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21
Q

Cardiac manifestations of SLE

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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22
Q

Cardiac tumor, (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma in LA “ball and valve”

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23
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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24
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

A fib, associated with high risk of emboli

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25
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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26
Q

CAH hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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27
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (worldwide), viral illness (developed world

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28
Q

Coronary artery involvement in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

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29
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

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30
Q

Cushing syndrome

A
  • Iatrogenic (from tx)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
  • Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
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31
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

TOF, Transposition of great vessels, Truncus arteriosus

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32
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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33
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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34
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

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35
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide), Adenocarcinoma (US)

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36
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

37
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

38
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hep B, Hep C and alcoholism)

39
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

40
Q

HTN, secondary

A 
renal artery stenosis
Chronic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Diabetic nephropathy
Hyperaldosteronism
41
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma

42
Q

Infection 2/2 blood transfusion

A

Hep C

43
Q

Infections in CGD

A

S Aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

44
Q

Intellectual disability

A

consider Down and Fragile X

45
Q

Kidney stones

A
  • Calcium = radiopaque
  • Struvite = radiopaque and 2/2 infxn by urease + Proteus, Klebsiella, S saprophyticus
  • Uric acid = radiolucent
  • Cystine = radiolucent
46
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)

47
Q

Malignancy associated with non-infectious fever

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

48
Q

Malignancy in kids

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

49
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

50
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI

51
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

52
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

53
Q

Myocarditis

A

Consider coxsackie B

54
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis

55
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

56
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

57
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

S Aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram - rods

58
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

59
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

60
Q

Osteomyelitis in general

A

S Aureus

61
Q

Osteomyelitis in sick cell patient

A

Salmonella

62
Q

Osteomyelitis in IVDA

A

Pseudomonas, Candida, S Aureus

63
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign)

A

Serous cystadenoma

64
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

65
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

66
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), CF (kids)

67
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A

Consider Turner syndrome

68
Q

Primary bone tumors (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

69
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

70
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma

71
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

72
Q

Recurrent inflammation, thrombosis of small to medium vessels in extremities

A 
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
"segmental thrombosing vasculitis"
73
Q

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Z-E syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1

74
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von-Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

75
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increase ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

76
Q

S4 heart sound

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

77
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic renal disease

78
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

79
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal Aorta
Coronary artery
Popliteal artery
Carotid artery

80
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery
Polymyalgia rheumatica

81
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increase placental ALP

82
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

83
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)

84
Q

Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
5 P’s
increase catecholamines and metanephrines in urine and plasma (VMA)

85
Q

Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)

A 
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
increase HVA & VMA
Homer-Wright rosettes
CROSSES MIDLINE!!
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome
86
Q

Type of Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellular, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

87
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

88
Q

UTI

A 
E coli
S saprophyticus (young women)
89
Q

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

1. Classic Rapid Review (5 decks)

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