Classial Condtionign Flashcards
What did behaviourists believe
After Darwin, behaviourists believe that the laws which govern learning are the same for all species, due to this behaviourists believe t hat animals can be switched for humans in experiments
- they believed there are two processes of learning
What are the two processes of learning
Classical and operant conditions
What si classical conditioning
Classical conditioning refers to learning via association
Who demonstrated classical conditioning and what did he reveal
Classical conditioning was demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov
- Pavlov revealed that dogs can be conditioned to salivate when they hear a bell. This is because an association was created between food and a bell
How was the association developed
- neutral stimulus is a bell
- ucs kf food leads to a unconditioned response of salivation
- Due to this association was developed between the food and bell by ringing a bell whenever food is presented
- this lead the bell to become a conditioned stimulus which leads to the conditioned response of salivation
+ research support from Watson and rayner
A strength of classical conditioning is that there is research support from Watson and Rayner
- Watson and Rayner conducted an experiment on a 9 month old baby known as little Albert, they made little Albert develop a phobia of white rats. They did this by creating an association between white rats and a loud bang which caused Albert distress
+ treatments for phobias
Another strength of classical conditioning is that the principles of classical conditions are used in treatments for phobias. For example in systematic desensitisation the key ideas is using counter classical conditioning to replace phobias with relaxation responses and calmness. Systematic desensitisation is also a very effective mentor
- laboratory study
A weakness of classical conditioning is that all classical conditioning experiments are conducted in a laboratory such as little Albert study and pavlovs dogs. This means that we may nto find the results in other setting such as the real world. Due to this the studies lack ecological validity and nto all behaviorus are learnt through classical conditioning
- Menzies
- Menzies conducted a study into the idea of hydrophobia, this is a phobia of water, he found only 2% of his sample had actually developed the phobia due to traumatic experiences, meaning 98% did not have a bad experience of water which causes the phobia to occur. This goes against the idea that all behaviorus are learnt via association and classical conditioning
- environmentally deterministic
Classical codnitoijg is environmentally deterministic because it ignores the role of free will in people’s behavioural responses
- environmental determinism suggest that all learning and behaviour is a result of our enviroement
