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Language > Classes with Paul > Flashcards

Classes with Paul Flashcards

1
Q

Phrase vs sentence

A

Phrase = clause = Subject + Verb

A sentence can have multiple phrases/clauses

Ex: I’ll sleep (when) you arrive
- 1 sentence
- 2 phrases/clauses

When asking a question, we put the preposition at the end of the clause (not always the sentence!)

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2
Q

Collant

A

Panthyhose (fins, transparents)

Tights (larges collants, leggins)

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3
Q

Des affaires

A

Things (only objects)

Stuff (abstract ideas + objects) -> less value

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4
Q

Difference between Clothing and Clothes

A

They are pure synonyms

But we say “a clothing store”

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5
Q

J’ai (américain)

A

I got

I’ve got is more British

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6
Q

Je viens juste de le faire

A

I’ve just done it -> proper English, what British people would use

I just did it -> American English

Paul would use the 1st in formal contexts and the 2nd in informal contexts

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7
Q

J’ai fait une grâce matinée

A

I slept in

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8
Q

Think about vs Think of

A

Think about = purely intellectual, considering something

Think of = could be romantic, “you’re occupying my mind”

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9
Q

The dogs vs dogs

A

In general we always use “dogs”.

“The dogs” can only be used when talking about specific dogs within a context.

Ex:
I walked Paul’s dogs.
Did you enjoy it?
Yes, I love the dogs!

Other example:
Highlight the verbs in the text
Here, we have a specific context (within the text), so we use can use the verbs.

Highlight all verbs in the text -> all = any
Highlight all the verbs in the text -> all the verbs (that are) in the text

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10
Q

Je suis déçu

(not disappointed)

A

I’m bummed

I’m bummed out

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11
Q

The Oxford comma

A

To my sister, dog and lover
- The dog could also be the lover

To my sister, dog, and lover
- No misunderstanding

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12
Q

Adverbs that can work both with and without an “s” at the end

A

Forward/Forwards
Toward/Towards
Upward/Upwards
Inward/Inwards

The first version is most used

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13
Q

Adverbs that can work both with and without “s” or “st” at the end

A

Among/AmongS
Amid/AmidS
While/Whilst

The first version is most used

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14
Q

Shop vs store

A

Stores are bigger than shops

Book shop (petite libraire)
Book store (Fnac)

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15
Q

Not to vs To not

A

Not to = formal writing

To not = informal writing, spoken English

Ex: She managed to not make any spelling mistakes in her essay.

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16
Q

Must vs Need vs Have to

A

Americans don’t use must, they use need instead

Have to -> external obligation
Must/Need -> internal obligation

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17
Q

2 éléments d’un verbe

4 features/categories of a verb

A

Temps : positionnement dans le temps
Aspect : point de vue

Tense: point of view
Aspect: completion
Mood: attitude
Voice: agent

Ex:
- Past
- Perfect simple
- Imperative
- Passive

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18
Q

I use a fork “to eat” vs “for eating”

A

To eat = Goal

The fork is the instrument for the goal (future plan)

For eating = Utility

Explanation of the utility (past experience)

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19
Q

I eat popcorn while/during movie?

A

While -> followed by a verb
I eat popcorn while I watch the movie

During -> followed by a noun
I eat popcorn during the movie

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20
Q

I am christian vs a christian

A

We always use a for shared behaviors: job, religion, politics, hobby.

I’m a mechanic
I’m a christian
I’m a democratic
I’m a tennisman

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21
Q

Probabilities of an event

A

100% Will
/ May
50%
/ Might
0% Won’t

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22
Q

When does an American use May and Might?

A

Only for probabilities

Might = Don’t expect me but I’ll try

May = It’s not sure but I want to come

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23
Q

A YouTube clip?

A

No that’s French, we say a music video

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24
Q

Do you like my dressing?

A

No, dressing is a French word!
We say walk-in closet

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25
Q

Full stop vs Period

A

Period = American

Full stop = British

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26
Q

Adjective vs Adverb

A

An adjective modifies a noun

An adverb modifies a verb

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27
Q

Je ne suis pas doué en dessin

A

I’m not good at drawing

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28
Q

America versions of “Have a try”

A

Try it out

Give it a try/go/shot

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29
Q

The door was locked so I tried to pull it very hard

The room was hot so I tried opening the window

Have you tried opening the window?

A

Tried to: when an action is difficult and requires effort

Tried + verb(-ing) : to do something in order to solve a problem

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30
Q

Don’t call Peter now, he must be eating

What else could we say instead of “must”?

A

Don’t call Peter now, he’ll be eating

To make deductions about activities happening in the present.

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31
Q

Barbie vs Action man

A

For girls: doll

For boys: action figure

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32
Q

When should we use “that” to connect 2 clauses?

A

Only when necessary (replacing who or which)

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33
Q

De peur que

A

Lest

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34
Q

Quelqu’un a volé le pc d’Amanda

A

Someone has stolen Amanda’s laptop from her

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35
Q

Ma vache s’est perdue

A

My cow got loose

(only for livestock)

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36
Q

Traveling or Travelling?

A

Does the vowel say its name?

No, the “e” of travel is not pronounced like an “e”.

It’s not a strong vowel, it’s a week one.

We need to add an extra “L” to protect the weak vowel.

Travelling and Travelled

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37
Q

How do we pronounce the vowel “u” in “tube” and in “tub”?

A

There is a silent “e” in “tube”, so the “u” is a strong vowel saying its name. So it’s pronounced like a “u”.

As there are no silent “e” in “tub”, the “u” is weak and isn’t pronounced like a “u”.

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38
Q

When do we pronounce a “t” like a “d” in American English?

A

When the “t” or doubles “t”s are surrounded by vowels.

Ex:
Water
Better

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39
Q

Travel vs trip

A

We usually use:
- Trip as a noun
- Travel as an adj or verb

I’ve been on a nice trip recently!

These are my travel shoes

Do you like to travel?

40
Q

A person who feels a compulsion to take part in exciting, dangerous, or intense activities

A

Thrill junkie

Adrenaline junkie

41
Q

Continue de parler

A

Keep talking or Talk on!

Keep verb(ing) = Verb on! (only in the imperative, not full sentences)

42
Q

Running vs Runnin’

A

Running = Runnin’ (black American)

Can’t use runnin’ as a gerund though

Ex: Running is good for health.

43
Q

Amusement park vs Theme Park

A

A theme park is an amusement park with a specific theme (Dysney, Spirou)

44
Q

How do we pronounce “It”

A

We don’t pronounce the “t” and need to cut the sound

It /\ -> here the sound falls after the “I” sound

I / -> here we cut the vowel at the height of its production, there’s no falling sound

45
Q

Posh in American

A

Bougie

46
Q

Différence entre on, at, in

A

At (precise) : the restaurant / 5pm
On (specific) : the road / Monday
In (general) : Marseille / March

47
Q

Ça te concerne

A

It concerns you

I’m concerned (préocuppé)

48
Q

At school vs To school

A

At = position
To = movement

49
Q

Used to vs Would

A

Interchangeables sauf :
- Would pour souvenir nostalgique
- Used to lorsque qu’il n’y a pas d’objet direct après le verbe

Objet direct :
- Il est directement affecté par le verbe (I throw the ball)
- On ne pourrait pas s’arrêter après juste le verbe (I used to sleep/spend…)

When I was a kid I would spend all afternoon with my friends

I used to live in Chicago

I used to/would play basketball (OD)

50
Q

Prononciation de “a”

A

/ə/ indefinite article = a pen

/eɪ/ specific article = one

51
Q

Used to

Be used to

Get used to

A

Used to verb = past habit

Be used to verb-ing = to have a habit

Get used to verb-ing = to take a habit

52
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: attain

A

Aspirated t

At the beginning of a stressed syllable

53
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: butter

A

Flapped t

Between 2 vowels + second vowel unstressed

54
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: cat

A

Glottal stop

  1. At the end of a syllable

(if the t can be a Glottal stop or Flapped t -> Glottal stop prevails)

  1. Right before another
    consonant

(“n” -> could have been a Silent t, no way to know which one is correct)

  1. Before an “n” (with or without vowels in between)
55
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: counter

A

Silent t

Following an “n” -> it doubles the length of the “n”
(could have been a Glottal stop, no way to know which one is correct)

56
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: table

A

Aspirated t

At the beginning of a stressed syllable

57
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: rental

A

Silent t

Following an “n” -> it doubles the length of the “n”
(could have been a Glottal stop, no way to know which one is correct)

58
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: city

A

Flapped t

Between 2 vowels + second vowel unstressed

59
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: enter

A

Silent t

Following an “n” -> it doubles the length of the “n”
(could have been a Glottal stop, no way to know which one is correct)

60
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: important

A

Glottal stop

  1. At the end of a syllable

(if the t can be a Glottal stop or Flapped t -> Glottal stop prevails)

  1. Right before another
    consonant

(“n” -> could have been a Silent t, no way to know which one is correct)

  1. Before an “n” (with or without vowels in between)
61
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: tell

A

Aspirated t

At the beginning of a stressed syllable

62
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: kitten

A

Glottal stop

  1. At the end of a syllable

(if the t can be a Glottal stop or Flapped t -> Glottal stop prevails)

  1. Right before another
    consonant

(“n” -> could have been a Silent t, no way to know which one is correct)

  1. Before an “n” (with or without vowels in between)
63
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: portrait

A

Affricated t (tch)

Followed by an “r” or “ure”

64
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: star

A

Unaspirated t

After an “s”

65
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: writing

A

Flapped t

Between 2 vowels + second vowel unstressed

66
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: internet

A

Silent t

Following an “n” -> it doubles the length of the “n”
(could have been a Glottal stop, no way to know which one is correct)

67
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: train

A

Affricated t (tch)

Followed by an “r” or “ure”

68
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: stop

A

Unaspirated t

After an “s”

69
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: steel

A

Unaspirated t

After an “s”

70
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: winter

A

Silent t

Following an “n” -> it doubles the length of the “n”
(could have been a Glottal stop, no way to know which one is correct)

71
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: steam

A

Unaspirated t

After an “s”

72
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: store

A

Unaspirated t

After an “s”

73
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: printer

A

Silent t

Following an “n” -> it doubles the length of the “n”
(could have been a Glottal stop, no way to know which one is correct)

74
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: electric

A

Affricated t (tch)

Followed by an “r” or “ure”

75
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: entrance

A

Affricated t (tch)

Followed by an “r” or “ure”

76
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: attempt

A

Aspirated t

At the beginning of a stressed syllable

77
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: truck

A

Affricated t (tch)

Followed by an “r” or “ure”

78
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: ten

A

Aspirated t

At the beginning of a stressed syllable

79
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: top

A

Aspirated t

At the beginning of a stressed syllable

80
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: adventure

A

Affricated t (tch)

Followed by an “r” or “ure”

81
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: mountain

A

Glottal stop

(if the t can be a Glottal stop or something else -> Glottal stop prevails)

  1. At the end of a syllable
  2. Right before another
    consonant
  3. Before an “n” (with or without vowels in between)
82
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: apartment

A

Glottal stop

  1. At the end of a syllable

(if the t can be a Glottal stop or Flapped t -> Glottal stop prevails)

  1. Right before another
    consonant

(“n” -> could have been a Silent t, no way to know which one is correct)

  1. Before an “n” (with or without vowels in between)
83
Q

Pronunciation of the “t”: at

A

Glottal stop

  1. At the end of a syllable

(if the t can be a Glottal stop or Flapped t -> Glottal stop prevails)

  1. Right before another
    consonant

(“n” -> could have been a Silent t, no way to know which one is correct)

  1. Before an “n” (with or without vowels in between)
84
Q

Different temperatures

A

Hot = très chaud
Warm = chaud
Lukewarm = tiède
Cool = frais
Chilly = très frais
Cold = froid
Freezing = gelé

85
Q

Diff between Watch and Look after

A

Watch = occasionnal

Look after = regular

86
Q

Toilets, restroom or bathroom?

A

Restroom for businesses (more formal, multiple toilets)

Bathroom for friends’ house

87
Q

Pronunciation of the t: Mentor

A

Unaspirated t because it’s a foreign word

88
Q

Strong or weak vowel?

Hat

A

It’s a closed syllable (vowel closed between consonants)

So it’s a weak vowel

89
Q

Strong or weak vowel?

Heat

A

It’s not a closed syllable (vowel closed between consonants)

So “e” is a strong vowel with the help of the “a”

90
Q

Strong or weak vowel?

Hate

A

It’s not considered as a closed syllable (vowel closed between consonants), because the “e”.

So the “a” is a strong vowel.

91
Q

How to use hurt?

A

I hurt = Je souffre (émotionel)

I hurt = general situation which lasts for a long period of time. Ex: when a relative dies

I’m hurting = the feeling we have right now

92
Q

Des courbatures

Être courbaturé

A

stiffness / sore muscles

I’m stiff / I’m sore

Sore = douleur interne

93
Q

How to use the verb commit?

A

Commit to noun

If it’s a verb -> commit to verb(-ing)
e.g. Commit to doing

94
Q

Simple way to check if we should use Present perfect or Past simple

A

Ask the question:

Can the fact evolve?

Est-ce que la situation peut changer ?

95
Q

Simple way to check if we should use Present perfect or Past simple

A

Ask the question:

Can the fact evolve?

Est-ce que la situation peut changer ?

96
Q

T pronounced D with two-word combination

A

Yes it is

Let’s it out

Let’s go to the store

Let’s go tomorrow

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