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Classes with Paul Flashcards

1
Q

Phrase vs sentence

A

Phrase = clause = Subject + Verb

A sentence can have multiple phrases/clauses

Ex: I’ll sleep (when) you arrive
- 1 sentence
- 2 phrases/clauses

When asking a question, we put the preposition at the end of the clause (not always the sentence!)

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2
Q

Collant

A

Panthyhose (fins, transparents)

Tights (larges collants, leggins)

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3
Q

Things vs stuff

A

Things (only objects)

Stuff (abstract ideas + objects) -> less value

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4
Q

Difference between Clothing and Clothes

A

They are pure synonyms

But we say “a clothing store”

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5
Q

J’ai (américain)

A

I got

I’ve got is more British

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6
Q

Je viens juste de le faire

A

I’ve just done it -> proper English, what British people would use

I just did it -> American English

Paul would use the 1st in formal contexts and the 2nd in informal contexts

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7
Q

J’ai fait une grâce matinée

A

I slept in

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8
Q

The dogs vs dogs

A

In general we always use “dogs”.

“The dogs” can only be used when talking about specific dogs within a context.

Ex:
I walked Paul’s dogs.
Did you enjoy it?
Yes, I love the dogs!

Other example:
Highlight the verbs in the text
Here, we have a specific context (within the text), so we use can use the verbs.

Highlight all verbs in the text -> all = any
Highlight all the verbs in the text -> all the verbs (that are) in the text

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9
Q

Je suis déçu

(not disappointed)

A

I’m bummed

I’m bummed out

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10
Q

The Oxford comma

A

To my sister, dog and lover
- The dog could also be the lover

To my sister, dog, and lover
- No misunderstanding

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11
Q

Adverbs that can work both with and without an “s” at the end

A

Forward/Forwards
Toward/Towards
Upward/Upwards
Inward/Inwards

The first version is most used

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12
Q

Adverbs that can work both with and without “s” or “st” at the end

A

Among/AmongS
Amid/AmidS
While/Whilst

The first version is most used

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13
Q

Shop vs store

A

Stores are bigger than shops

Book shop (petite libraire)
Book store (Fnac)

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14
Q

Not to vs To not

A

Not to = formal writing

To not = informal writing, spoken English

Ex: She managed to not make any spelling mistakes in her essay.

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15
Q

Must vs Need vs Have to

A

Americans don’t use must, they use need instead

Have to -> external obligation
Must/Need -> internal obligation

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16
Q

2 éléments d’un verbe

4 features/categories of a verb

A

Temps : positionnement dans le temps
Aspect : point de vue

Tense: point of view
Aspect: completion
Mood: attitude
Voice: agent

Ex:
- Past
- Perfect simple
- Imperative
- Passive

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17
Q

I use a fork “to eat” vs “for eating”

A

To eat = Goal

The fork is the instrument for the goal (future plan)

For eating = Utility

Explanation of the utility (past experience)

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18
Q

I eat popcorn while/during movie?

A

While -> followed by a verb
I eat popcorn while I watch the movie

During -> followed by a noun
I eat popcorn during the movie

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19
Q

I am christian vs a christian

A

We always use a for shared behaviors: job, religion, politics, hobby.

I’m a mechanic
I’m a christian
I’m a democratic
I’m a tennisman

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20
Q

Probabilities of an event

A

100% Will
/ May
50%
/ Might
0% Won’t

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21
Q

When does an American use May and Might?

A

Only for probabilities

Might = Don’t expect me but I’ll try

May = It’s not sure but I want to come

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22
Q

A YouTube clip?

A

No that’s French, we say a music video

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23
Q

Do you like my dressing?

A

No, dressing is a French word!
We say walk-in closet

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24
Q

Full stop vs Period

A

Period = American

Full stop = British

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25
Adjective vs Adverb
An adjective modifies a noun An adverb modifies a verb
26
Je ne suis pas doué en dessin
I'm not good at drawing
27
America versions of "Have a try"
Try it out Give it a try/go/shot
28
The door was locked so I tried to pull it very hard The room was hot so I tried opening the window Have you tried opening the window?
Tried to: when an action is difficult and requires effort Tried + verb(-ing) : to do something in order to solve a problem
29
Don't call Peter now, he must be eating What else could we say instead of "must"?
Don't call Peter now, he'll be eating To make deductions about activities happening in the present.
30
Barbie vs Action man
For girls: doll For boys: action figure
31
When should we use "that" to connect 2 clauses?
Only when necessary (replacing who or which)
32
De peur que
Lest
33
Quelqu'un a volé le pc d'Amanda
Someone has stolen Amanda's laptop from her
34
Ma vache s'est perdue
My cow got loose (only for livestock)
35
Traveling or Travelling?
Does the vowel say its name? No, the "e" of travel is not pronounced like an "e". It's not a strong vowel, it's a week one. We need to add an extra "L" to protect the weak vowel. Travelling and Travelled
36
How do we pronounce the vowel "u" in "tube" and in "tub"?
There is a silent "e" in "tube", so the "u" is a strong vowel saying its name. So it's pronounced like a "u". As there are no silent "e" in "tub", the "u" is weak and isn't pronounced like a "u".
37
When do we pronounce a "t" like a "d" in American English?
When the "t" or doubles "t"s are surrounded by vowels. Ex: Water Better
38
Travel vs trip
We usually use: - Trip as a noun - Travel as an adj or verb I've been on a nice trip recently! These are my travel shoes Do you like to travel?
39
A person who feels a compulsion to take part in exciting, dangerous, or intense activities
Thrill junkie Adrenaline junkie
40
Continue de parler
Keep talking or Talk on! Keep verb(ing) = Verb on! (only in the imperative, not full sentences)
41
Running vs Runnin’
Running = Runnin’ (black American) Can't use runnin' as a gerund though Ex: Running is good for health.
42
Amusement park vs Theme Park
A theme park is an amusement park with a specific theme (Dysney, Spirou)
43
How do we pronounce "It"
We don't pronounce the "t" and need to cut the sound It /\ -> here the sound falls after the "I" sound I / -> here we cut the vowel at the height of its production, there’s no falling sound
44
Posh in American
Bougie
45
Différence entre on, at, in
At (precise) : the restaurant / 5pm On (specific) : the road / Monday In (general) : Marseille / March
46
Ça te concerne
It concerns you I'm concerned (préocuppé)
47
At school vs To school
At = position To = movement
48
Used to vs Would
Interchangeables sauf : - Would pour souvenir nostalgique - Used to lorsque qu'il n'y a pas d'objet direct après le verbe Objet direct : - Il est directement affecté par le verbe (I throw the ball) - On ne pourrait pas s'arrêter après juste le verbe (I used to sleep/spend...) When I was a kid I would spend all afternoon with my friends I used to live in Chicago I used to/would play basketball (OD)
49
Prononciation de "a"
/ə/ indefinite article = a pen /eɪ/ specific article = one
50
Used to Be used to Get used to
Used to verb = past habit Be used to verb-ing = to have a habit Get used to verb-ing = to take a habit
51
Pronunciation of the "t": attain
Aspirated t At the beginning of a stressed syllable
52
Pronunciation of the "t": butter
Flapped t Between 2 vowels + second vowel unstressed
53
Pronunciation of the "t": cat
Glottal stop At the end of a syllable (if the t can be a Glottal stop or Flapped t -> Glottal stop prevails)
54
Pronunciation of the "t": counter
Silent t Following an "n" -> it doubles the length of the "n"
55
Pronunciation of the "t": table
Aspirated t At the beginning of a stressed syllable
56
Pronunciation of the "t": rental
Silent t Following an "n" -> it doubles the length of the "n"
57
Pronunciation of the "t": city
Flapped t Between 2 vowels + second vowel unstressed
58
Pronunciation of the "t": enter
Silent t Following an "n" -> it doubles the length of the "n"
59
Pronunciation of the "t": important
Glottal stop Before an "n" (with or without vowels in between)
60
Pronunciation of the "t": tell
Aspirated t At the beginning of a stressed syllable
61
Pronunciation of the "t": kitten
Glottal stop Before an "n" (with or without vowels in between)
62
Pronunciation of the "t": portrait
Affricated t (tch) Followed by an "r" or "ure"
63
Pronunciation of the "t": star
Unaspirated t After an "s"
64
Pronunciation of the "t": writing
Flapped t Between 2 vowels + second vowel unstressed
65
Pronunciation of the "t": internet
Silent t Following an "n" -> it doubles the length of the "n"
66
Pronunciation of the "t": train
Affricated t (tch) Followed by an "r" or "ure"
67
Pronunciation of the "t": stop
Unaspirated t After an "s"
68
Pronunciation of the "t": steel
Unaspirated t After an "s"
69
Pronunciation of the "t": winter
Silent t Following an "n" -> it doubles the length of the "n"
70
Pronunciation of the "t": steam
Unaspirated t After an "s"
71
Pronunciation of the "t": store
Unaspirated t After an "s"
72
Pronunciation of the "t": printer
Silent t Following an "n" -> it doubles the length of the "n"
73
Pronunciation of the "t": electric
Affricated t (tch) Followed by an "r" or "ure"
74
Pronunciation of the "t": entrance
Affricated t (tch) Followed by an "r" or "ure"
75
Pronunciation of the "t": attempt
Aspirated t At the beginning of a stressed syllable
76
Pronunciation of the "t": truck
Affricated t (tch) Followed by an "r" or "ure"
77
Pronunciation of the "t": ten
Aspirated t At the beginning of a stressed syllable
78
Pronunciation of the "t": top
Aspirated t At the beginning of a stressed syllable
79
Pronunciation of the "t": adventure
Affricated t (tch) Followed by an "r" or "ure"
80
Pronunciation of the "t": mountain
Glottal stop Before an "n" (with or without vowels in between) (if the t can be a Glottal stop or something else -> Glottal stop prevails)
81
Pronunciation of the "t": apartment
Glottal stop At the end of a syllable
82
Pronunciation of the "t": at
Glottal stop At the end of a syllable
83
Different temperatures
Hot = très chaud Warm = chaud Lukewarm = tiède Cool = frais Chilly = très frais Cold = froid Freezing = gelé
84
Diff between Watch and Look after
Watch = occasionnal Look after = regular
85
Toilets, restroom or bathroom?
Restroom for businesses (more formal, multiple toilets) Bathroom for friends' house
86
Pronunciation of the t: Mentor
Unaspirated t because it's a foreign word
87
Strong or weak vowel? Hat
It's a closed syllable (vowel closed between consonants) So it's a weak vowel
88
Strong or weak vowel? Heat
It's not a closed syllable (vowel closed between consonants) So "e" is a strong vowel with the help of the "a"
89
Strong or weak vowel? Hate
It's not considered as a closed syllable (vowel closed between consonants), because the "e". So the "a" is a strong vowel.
90
How to use hurt?
I hurt = Je souffre (émotionel) I hurt = general situation which lasts for a long period of time. Ex: when a relative dies I'm hurting = the feeling we have right now
91
Des courbatures Être courbaturé
stiffness / sore muscles I'm stiff / I'm sore Sore = douleur interne
92
How to use the verb commit?
Commit to noun If it's a verb -> commit to verb(-ing) e.g. Commit to doing
93
Simple way to check if we should use Present perfect or Past simple
Ask the question: Can the fact evolve? Est-ce que la situation peut changer ?
94
Simple way to check if we should use Present perfect or Past simple
Ask the question: Can the fact evolve? Est-ce que la situation peut changer ?
95
T pronounced D with two-word combination
Yes it is Let's eat out Let's go to the store Let's go tomorrow
96
Parler des voyages : 1. Trajet 2. Sur place
1. Way 2. Trip Travel s'utilise essentiellement comme verbe
97
Client vs Customer
Customer buy goods Clients buy services (advice, solutions)
98
Madame
Madam (prostitutes' boss) Ma'am = mam (s'addresser à une dame)
99
Pronunciation of Law
lˈɔː Ao like awww
100
Question to know what to use, Gerund or infinitive
Is the action realised? No -> Infinitive Can I confirm that the action is realised? Yes -> Gerund No -> Infinitive
101
News are vs the news is
"The news is" is the correct option
102
J'ai une nouvelle
I have some news NOT a piece of news
103
J'ai profité de ça pour ça
Formal: I took advantage of Informal: I made use of
104
Passer commande
Ordering Making an order
105
Se peser
To weigh yourself
106
Jour férié
Federal holiday
107
Vacances vs Vacances scolaires
Vacation: implies you're going somewhere Staycation: new trand as going away on vacation is harder Days off: if you stay at home (e. g. when moving) Break: school breaks

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