Class Questions/Discussion Flashcards
What is the key digestive role of the
gastric juices?
To break macromolecules down to absorbable pieces
Why pepsin is produced as an inactive
proenzyme, pepsinogen?
A. To protect the stomach lining
B. To protect pepsin from inactivation
C. To stimulate release of other
enzymes
A. To protect the stomach lining
Which one of the following is an accessory organ
in the digestive system:
A. Stomach
B. Tongue
C. Duodenum
D. Esophagus
B. Tongue
Bile is produced in the:
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Duodenum
A. Liver
Salivary α 1-4 amylase has its pH optimum at 6.9. pH of saliva
= 7. What happens with α 1-4 amylase in the stomach?
A. The activity of the enzyme will NOT
be affected in the stomach
B. The enzyme will be immediately
inactivated in the acidic pH of the
stomach
C. The enzyme will be active until the
pH in the stomach drops down as a
result of acid production
The enzyme will be active until the
pH in the stomach drops down as a
result of acid production
Free sugars are:
A. Simple sugars added to foods during
production, cooking or consuming
B. Simple sugars naturally present in
honey, syrups, and fruit juices
C. Both A and B are correct
C. Both A and B are correct
Which transporter is involved in active transport of glucose
into enterocytes?
A. SGLT1
B. GLUT5
C. GLUT2
D. GLUT4
A. SGLT1
Which organ produces the digestive enzymes that are responsible for digestion of the majority of lipids?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Small intestine
B. Pancreas
Boiled red potatoes have very high (above 80 in reference to glucose) Glycemic Index (GI) when:
A. Are consumed hot
B. Are consumed cold
C. Always, no matter if hot or cold
A. Are consumed hot
Glucokinase is present in the ______ where it ________ glucose and is _________ by the product of the catalyzed reaction.
A. Muscle, phosphorylates, inhibited
B. Liver, phosphorylates, NOT inhibited
C. Muscle, dephosphorylates, NOT inhibited
D. Liver, phosphorylates, inhibited
E. Muscle, phosphorylates, NOT inhibited
B. Liver, phosphorylates, NOT inhibited
Glycogen stored in muscle does not contribute directly to blood glucose levels because:
A. Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase to
convert glucose-6-phosphate to free
glucose
B. Muscle lacks glucokinase to convert
glucose-6-phosphate to free glucose
C. It is not true, glycogen in muscle
contributes to blood glucose levels
A. Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase to
convert glucose-6-phosphate to free
glucose
Which of the following enzymes participates in generation of
ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in TCA cycle?
A. Succinate dehydrogenase
B. Malate dehydrogenase
C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
D. Succinyl-CoA synthetase
E. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
D. Succinyl-CoA synthetase
Resistant starch that is formed during cooling of
cooked starchy foods can:
A. Increase glycemic response following
carbohydrate ingestion
B. Increase absorption of glucose
C. Stimulate the gut motility
D. Decrease glycemic response following
carbohydrate ingestion
E. Bind cholesterol
D. Decrease glycemic response following
carbohydrate ingestion
_______ is one of the richest sources of _______which is
________ and ________ fiber.
A. Barley, pectins, soluble, highly fermentable
B. Barley, beta-glucans, soluble, highly
fermentable
C. Carrots, fructans, soluble, highly fermentable
D. Carrots, pectins, soluble, non-fermentable
E. Strawberries, lignin, soluble, highly
fermentable
B. Barley, beta-glucans, soluble, highly
fermentable
The daily recommended intake for fiber differs between
men and women because it is:
A. Based on the risk of cardiovascular
disease
B. Based on the physiologic tolerance
for high-fiber diets
C. Based on the carbohydrate
requirements
D. Based on the energy requirements
D. Based on the energy requirements
Adequate fiber intake has been associated with disease
prevention and/or treatment. Which of the following
effects characterizes both soluble and insoluble fiber
and has been related to chronic disease prevention:
A. Increased fecal volume
B. Reduced nutrient absorption
C. Increased satiety
D. Delayed transit time
B. Reduced nutrient absorption
C. Increased satiety
What could explain a beneficial effect of
saturated fat from dairy on the lipid profile?
A. Food matrix
B. The amounts per serving size
C. Types of saturated fat
D. Absorption efficiency
E. All the above could be correct
E. All the above could be correct
Which lipoprotein is responsible for the
transport of cholesterol to peripheral tissues?
A. Chylomicron
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL
C. LDL
What is the carrier for short-chain fatty acids in
portal circulation?
A. Triacylglycerol
B. Cholesterol
C. Chylomicron
D. Albumin
D. Albumin
Which one of the following ethanol oxidation products
leads to the impaired formation and function of proteins,
including those related to the release of VLDL from the
liver, in chronic alcoholism?
A. Increased NADH:NAD ratio
B. Acetaldehyde
C. Acetyl-CoA
D. Acetate
B. Acetaldehyde
The association of alcohol consumption and risk of
cardiovascular disease was described as a J-shaped or Ushaped relationship. What does this mean?
A. Moderate alcohol consumption increases
the risk of stroke
B. Alcohol intake leads to an increased
chronic disease risk because alcohol
cannot be metabolized in the human body
C. Moderate alcohol consumption is
associated with reduced chronic disease
risk compared to not drinking alcohol
D. Abstinence is the healthiest life-style
C. Moderate alcohol consumption is
associated with reduced chronic disease
risk compared to not drinking alcohol
Which of the following amino acids can be conditionally
essential in pre-term infants?
A. Leucine
B. Cysteine
C. Glycine
D. Valine
B. Cysteine
T/F: The bonds responsible for quaternary protein structure
are also creating tertiary protein structure
True
In case of intestinal injury, which of the following amino
acids become conditionally indispensable (essential)
amino acids?
A. Glutamate and glutamine
B. Arginine and proline
C. Methionine and cysteine
D. Aspartate and ornithine
B. Arginine and proline
John W. got diagnosed with low transthyretin but normal
albumin. What do you think is happening?
His visceral protein status is normal
B. He might have eaten too little
protein yesterday
C. His albumin synthesis might be
upregulated
D. His visceral protein status is acutely
low
D. His visceral protein status is acutely low
If food is missing any of 9 essential amino acids, what is
PDCAAS for this food?
A. equal 0.1
B. equal 0.5
C. equal 1
D. equal 0
D. equal 0
Absorption, transport, and distribution of dietary lipids in fed-state. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Absorbed lipids are taken up by adipose tissue for fat storage.
B. In addition to adipose and other tissues, muscle tissue takes up exogenous lipids for use as energy.
C. Exogenous triacylglycerols are first transported in chylomicrons to the liver for repackaging into VLDL.
D. Only short- and medium-chain fatty acids are transported in the portal vein.
C. Exogenous triacylglycerols are first transported in chylomicrons to the liver for repackaging into VLDL.
Why is there a higher rate of amino acid catabolism at low protein intake compared to adequate or high protein intake?
A. At low protein intake, the body does not receive a sufficient amount of energy; thus the body uses the amino acids for making glucose.
B. At high protein intake, the body uses the amino acids for
making storage proteins in the liver; thus less amino acids are
degraded.
C. At low protein intake, there are insufficient amino acids
available for body’s protein formation. Thus, the body oxidizes the amino acids to maintain amino acid balance.
C. At low protein intake, there are insufficient amino acids
available for body’s protein formation. Thus, the body oxidizes the amino acids to maintain amino acid balance.
Imagine you have a consulting clinic for weight loss. If you were to
measure someone’s body composition to determine their disease risk linked to high body fat, which combination of measures would you choose?
A. Waist circumference and DXA
B. BMI and bioelectric impedance analysis
C. Skinfold thickness and DXA
D. BMI and waist circumference
D. BMI and waist circumference
Which of the following fatty acids contributes to pathways
producing pro-inflammatory signaling molecules?
A. Eicosapentaenoic acid
B. Docosahexaenoic acid
C. Arachidonic acid
D. Alpha-linolenic acid
C. Arachidonic acid
Which of the following methods of body composition assessment accurately determines both fat mass and fat-free
mass?
A. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
B. Densitometry
C. Anthropometry
D. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
A. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
