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Audiology > Class Presentations > Flashcards

Class Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Why do hearing aid users experience greater cognitive demands in their attempts to understand spoken language?

A

Hearing aids can introduce distortions or unwanted artifacts that require users to engage in more explicit processing

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2
Q

What is a directional microphone and what does it do?

A

Distinguishes b/t speech in FRONT of the listener and noise BEHIND the listener, reducing volume of background noise

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3
Q

True or False:

The “dynamic range” is the same for people with hearing loss and w/ normal hearing. Why?

A

False! The dynamic range is the range of intensities b/t the softest sound you can hear and the loudest sound you can tolerate.
If hearing loss, the dynamic range is smaller and more limited, can’t hear the softest sounds that normal listeners can, but loud sounds are perceived normally or louder

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4
Q

What is the different b/t linear and non-linear amplification & which is better for a hearing aid?

A

Linear - incoming sounds always amplified by a consistent amount no matter the intensity of the incoming sound
Non-linear - Incoming sounds amplified by differing amounts (softer incoming sounds amplified greater than louder incoming sounds)
*Non-linear usually preferred (some aids switch depending on background noise)

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5
Q

What does loudness growth matter for SLPs?

A

Spend more time w/ people with hearing aids after they have been fitted
People with hearing loss may not wear hearing aids b/c sounds are “too loud”
Want them to participate in life, find barriers to hearing aid use

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6
Q

3 Types of Otitis Media

A

Acute OM
OM w/ Effusion
Chronic Suppurative OM

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7
Q

Why is OM incidence higher in children?

A

Short, horizontal floppy eustachian tubes

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8
Q

What is the most common approach to Acute OM management w/out complications?

A

Pain management

Watchful waiting

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9
Q

Why does sound processed though a cochlear implant sound different than normal hearing?

A

Normal hearing uses 15,000 hair cells, CI uses 22 electrodes
Parts of the sound wave are not coded into the signal to the auditory nerve b/c the electrodes are not able to stimulate as specifically

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10
Q

Cochlear implants bypass __________ by directly stimulating the _________ to create sound

A

Inner ear

Auditory Nerve

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11
Q

How is sound delivered to the cochlea via a cochlear implant?

A
  1. Microphone picks up sound
  2. Cord takes sound to processor which filters, amplifies and digitizes sound into digital coded signals
  3. Coded signals go through transmitting coil which sends the signals to an implanted FM radio signal
  4. Receiver delivers appropriate amount of electrical pulses to electrodes (implanted in inner ear)
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12
Q

Not candidates for CI

A

Adult who may benefit from hearing aid

Adult with moderate unilateral conductive hearing loss

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13
Q

3 Variables that influence speech, language & hearing outcomes of CI

A
  • time elapsed b/t HL and CI implantation
  • residual hearing
  • lip reading skills
  • age of implantation
  • time w/ CI
  • speech & language skills
  • motivation
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14
Q

How are SLPs involved w/ CIs?

A

Part of team that makes candidacy decision

Part of team facilitating aural rehabilitation

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15
Q

T/F: Ototoxic drugs always affect the cochlea

A

False

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16
Q

Determinants of ototoxicity

A 
Age
Dose
Administration route
Genetics
Drug type
17
Q

Gentamicin (Garamycin) is an ototoxic drug prescribed for:

A

Bacterial infections that are encountered in healthcare settings

18
Q

APD coexists with:

A

ADHD
SLI
Dyslexia

19
Q

3 Topics of Contention surrounding APD

A

Large overlap with other diagnoses
How do we define it?
How do we diagnose it?
Is it a distinct entity?

20
Q

Auditory processing disorder is defined as:

A

A disorder which affects how the CNS uses auditory information

21
Q

What are the 2 types of tinnitus

A

Subjective & Objective

22
Q

Tinnitus is defined as:

A

the perception of noise in the absence of auditory stimulation

23
Q

How is tinnitus treated?

A

No treatment
Pharmaceuticals to manage associated conditions: depression, anxiety, sleep disorders
Behavioural management
Many different potential types, hard to have one form of management

24
Q

Signs child may have noise-induced HL:

A

Asks for repetition
Misunderstands directions/instructions
Appears inattentive or withdrawn when they should be listening
Problems w/ certain sounds /s, th, f, sh, t, k/
Watch other children to see what they say and mimic it
Fatigued by the end of the day

25
Q

Ways to reduce potential NIHL

A

Education
Ear plugs
Turn it down!
Move away from sound source

26
Q

Occupational noise exposure limit in all provinces (except QC):

A

85 dB

27
Q

2 tests used in newborn hearing screening programs:

A

Otoacoustic emissions

Automated auditory brainstem response tasks

28
Q

If HL is identified prior to _______ of age, the child will have significantly better language development than if ID’d after.

A

6 months

29
Q

Most common type of genetic hearing loss:

A

Nonsyndromic

30
Q

3 types of genetic inheritance:

A

Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
X-linked
Mitochondrial

31
Q

Syndromic HL will be accompanied by other deficits such as:

A

Structural anomalies

Medical issues w/ organ systems

32
Q

Vestibular schwannoma is also called __________________ and is usually malignant/benign(choose 1)

A

Acoustic/auditory neuroma

Benign

33
Q

Gold standard test for IDing retrocochlear lesion:

A

MRI

34
Q

3 Common Treatments for Auditory Neuromas

A

“Wait and see” approach
Microsurgery
Radiosurgery

35
Q

3 Factors that affect the ability to perceive the speech signal?

A

Distance
Background noise
Reverberation

Audiology (6 decks)

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