Class - Factors Flashcards

1
Q

Which class gets better results in general, the Middle Class or the Working Class?

A

The Middle Class

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2
Q

How many external factors are there?

A

3

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3
Q

How many internal factors are there?

A

4

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4
Q

What are the 3 external factors?

A

Material deprivation
Cultural deprivation
Cultural capital

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5
Q

What are the 4 components of material deprivation?

A

Housing
Diet and Health
Finances
Fear of Debt

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6
Q

How does housing act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

A

Working Class houses can be an unsuitable place for children to do schoolwork due to overcrowding or a lack of space to work in

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7
Q

How does diet and health act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

A

Working Class diets are typically not very nutritious, and some families may not be able to afford enough food. This can slow childrens’ development, lead them to get ill more often and miss school, or mean they are hungry at school which prevents learning

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8
Q

How do finances act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

A

Working Class families may not be able to afford things which would benefit a child’s education such as educational toys, textbooks, or tutoring. It could also mean students have to work a part time job alongside their studies

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9
Q

How does fear of debt act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

A

Working Class students may avoid going to university so that they do not build up student debt, or the costs associated with moving to a new city and living alone (such as rent, food, and bills)

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10
Q

What is material deprivation?

A

A lack of money and the things that money can buy that can provide a good educational environment for a child at home and at school

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11
Q

What is cultural deprivation?

A

A lack of the attitudes, values, norms, and beliefs that benefit a person (in education)

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12
Q

What are the 4 components of cultural deprivation?

A

Parental interest
Parents’ own education
Attitudes and values
Language/speech codes

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13
Q

How does parental interest act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

A

Children do better in education when their parents take an interest in it, by doing things like going to parents evening or contacting the school about helping their child

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14
Q

How does parents’ own education act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

A

Parents who are highly educated will place more importance on their childrens’ education, and will help and encourage them to work harder/get higher grades

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15
Q

How does attitudes and values act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

A

Middle Class families have attitudes and values which will help them in education, such as seeing their education as important, believing in hard work, and accepting that defferred gratification will benefit them in the long run

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16
Q

How do speech codes act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

A

The Middle Class speak in an elaborated code, which is what the 3 Ts of education are conducted in: Teachers, Tests, and Textbooks

17
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

Attitudes, beliefs, likes, dislikes, interests, and KNOWLEDGE of the education system and what it values.

18
Q

What are the 4 internal factors?

A

Labelling
Setting and streaming
Subcultures
Marketisation policies

19
Q

What is labelling?

A

When an authority figure (such as a parent, teacher, or police officer) has an opinion of a person which they begin to internalise/believe

20
Q

How does labelling affect a student’s education based on their class?

A

Working Class students are often negatively labelled (e.g. lazy, disruptive, stupid) whilst Middle Class students are often positively labelled (e.g. intelligent, hard-working, polite)

21
Q

How does setting and streaming affect a student’s education based on their class?

A

Working Class students are typically placed into a lower set regardless of their academic ability, whilst Middle Class students are typically placed into a high set regardless of their academic ability

22
Q

How do subcultures affect a student’s education based on their class?

A

Working Class students may be more likely to join an anti-school subculture

23
Q

How do marketisation policies affect a student’s eduation based on their class?

A

Thanks to cream-skimming and educational triage, Middle Class students are often chosen by the best schools, whilst Working Class students are left to go to lower achieving schools

24
Q

What is the A-C Economy/educational triage?

A

Schools’ position on the league tables are only affected by students who achieve A-C grades. This leads schools to giving some support to their top students (e.g. A/A*), the most support to their middle students to ensure they get a C (e.g. C/D), and no support to their lowest achieving students as they are seen as ‘hopeless cases’ (e.g. below a D)

25
Q

What is cream-skimming?

A

This is where schools choose the highest achieving students (or the ‘cream of the crop’) to attend their schools

26
Q

What are selection policies?

A

Anything that helps schools choose the highest achieving students, such as entrance exams (e.g. the 11+)

27
Q

What is the ‘cost of free schooling’?

A

Things that cost money which are required to go to a ‘free’ state school, such as uniform, equipment, and transport

28
Q

What is silt-shifting?

A

This is where the lowest achieving students are left to go to the lowest achieving schools