BS Ethnicity - Factors Flashcards
What are the 3 external factors?
Cultural deprivation
Material deprivation
Racism in wider society
What are the 5 internal factors?
Racialised expectations
Ethnocentric curriculum
Institutional racism
Marketisation and selection policies
Assessment Game/New IQ’ism
What is material deprivation?
The lack of money and the things that money can buy
What evidence is there that material deprivation is a factor for different ethnic groups?
Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are 3x more likely than whites to be in the poorest fifth (20%) of the population, and more likely to be in low-paid, low-skilled jobs
Unemployment is 3x higher for African-Caribbeans, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis than it is for whites
What are the 3 components of cultural deprivation for ethnicity?
Family structure
Attitudes and values
Intellectual and linguistic skills
How does family structure act as a disadvantage for some ethnic groups?
Many black families are headed by a single mother
Charles Murray and the New Right say this leads to inadequate socialisation
How do attitudes and values act as a disadvantage for some ethnic groups?
Black children are socialised into anti-education attitudes
On the other hand, the ‘Asian work ethic’ instils strong educational values in their children
How do intellectual and linguistic skills act as a disadvantage for some ethnic groups?
Pakistanis and Bangladeshis (particularly women), aren’t all fluent in English, meaning they don’t understand everything in school
Some black students speak in an ungrammatical, disjointed way, and are incapable of expressing abstract ideas
What is cultural deprivation?
A lack of the attitudes, values, norms, and beliefs that benefit a person (in education)
What is racism in wider society?
Biases, disadvantages, and prejudice that ethnic minorities face
How does racism in wider society act as a disadvantage for some ethnic groups’ education?
Unemployment and low pay in the family mean they can’t afford to help their child at school with resources or tutors
What does racialised expectations mean?
Labelling based on a person’s ethnicity
How do racialised expectations disadvantage some ethnic groups?
This can lead to them being denied access to the top sets, groups, and exams which would help them progress
What is institutional racism?
Subtler forms of racism which are built into the workings, processes, and attitudes of an organisation
How does insititutional racism act as a disdvantage for some ethnic groups?
Some schools will place low priority on supporting ethnic minorities’ education and dealing with race issues like bullying
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
A curriculum (the outline of what a person learns in a given subject) which focusses on one ethnicity. In this country that means white British
How does the ethnocentric curriculum act as a disadvantage for some ethnic groups?
Other ethnic groups will not learn about their own culture, or may be discriminated against, e.g. dress codes sometimes don’t allow the wearing or religious items
What is the difference between marketisation and selection policies?
Marketisation policies are designed to create competition between schools
Selection policies allow schools to choose which students they will take on
How do marketisation and selection policies act as a disadvantage for some ethnic groups?
Leads to certain groups being chosen/ignored by schools based on stereotypes
What is the Assessment Game?
When black students achieve on a similar level to white students, the rules of the assessment will change to disadvantage black students. Gillborn, 2008
What is New IQ’ism?
Previously, students’ ability was assessed using IQ tests. Today, it is assessed by teachers, who decide which students get into top sets or Gifted and Talented
Which ethnic groups would be considered high achieving?
Indian, Chinese
Which ethnic groups would be considered low achieving?
Black, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Gypsy/Roma
