Class differences in educational achievement - External Factors Flashcards
What is social class?
One way of describing. person’s position in society
Who is involved in the social class?
- Working class - skilled and unskilled workers (plumbers, cleaners)
- Middle class - professionals (teachers, doctors and accountants
What are the external achievements?
- cultural deprivation
- material deprivation
- cultural capital
What is cultural deprivation?
When inadequate socialisation in the home leads to lack of appropriate value and language in education
What the three main aspects of cultural deprivation?
- Language
- Parent’s education
- Working-class subculture
What is Cultural Deprivation - Language (Working class)?
- Most likely use language that requires children to make simple descriptive statements
- Most likely use gestures, single words or disjointed phrases leading to fail to develop
What is the restricted code - (Language)?
- Typically used by the working class
- Limited vocab
- Descriptive not analytic
What is elaborate code - (Language)?
- Typically used by the middle class
- Wider vocab and complex sentences
- More beneficial when analysing
What is cultural deprivation - (Parent’a education)?
Parent’s attitude towards education having a big impact
What is cultural deprivation - Parent’s education (Working class)?
Parents placed less value on education = less encouragement, less ambition in education
What is the cultural deprivation - Parent’s education (Middle Class)?
Parents are more likely to have been educated better themselves = can socialise/ prepare them for education
What are the four different ways of cultural deprivation - (Parent’s Education)?
- Parenting style
- Parent’s educational behaviours
- Use of income
- Class, income and parental education
What is parenting style - (Middle class)?
Have other expectation for their children and encourage active learning
What is parenting style - (Working class)?
Have inconsistent discipline which results in a lack of independence and self-control
What is Parent’s educational behaviour - (Middle class)?
- Educated parents are more aware of what is needed to support their child’s educational success
- More likely to build positive relationship with teachers
What is use of income - (Middle class)?
More likely to spend their money to support their child’s educational success
What is use of income - (Working class)?
Less likely to be able to afford educational toys and resources
What is class, income and parental education?
More of a success rate by educated parents
What is cultural deprivation - (working-class subcultures)
working-class children internalises beliefs and values of their subculture through socialisation and result in underachieving at school
What is compensatory education?
Compensatory education is provided to help disadvantaged students by providing extras resources to schools in deprived areas
What is material deprivation?
To poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income
How can material deprivation - (housing) affect a pupil’s achievements?
- Overcrowding makes it difficult for pupil’s to study at home
- Development for young children due to lack of space for safety
- Constantly changing schools
