Class Differences In Educational Achievement Flashcards
External Factors
Material deprivation
Cultural deprivation
Values and attitudes
Language
Cultural capital
Internal factors
Labelling theory
Class and identity
Streaming
Subculture
Cultural deprivation theory
External
- Parental help
- Linguistics
- Attitudes and values
Cultural deprivation
- Parental help
External
Cognitive development - (Douglas) Working class parents do not engage with and stimulate their children as much as working class parents. (Feinstein) support and encouragement is the critical factor in achievement, fewer resources.
Cultural deprivation
- Attitudes and Values
External
Working class subculture - (Sugarman) different social classes have different values and attitudes toward education. Immediate gratification, fatalism, (Hyman) low parental interest.
Cultural Deprivation
- linguistics
External
Linguistic deprivation - (Bernstein) Elaborated code and the restricted code. Gives the middle class an advantage as curriculum is in the elaborate code.
Material deprivation theory
External
- Housing
- Resources
- Extra curricular
Material deprivation
- housing
External
Poor housing - (Harker) Overcrowded homes, less space to study.
(Douglas) poor housing conditions, damp, leads to possible sick days,
(Smith and Noble)
- no computer, internet, desk, books
- might have to work part time to support family, effects attendance
Material deprivation
- resources
External
(Smith + Noble) cannot afford educational books, trips, tutoring, computer access. They become isolated and fall behind.
Material deprivation
- extra curriculars
External
Emily Tanner - the cost of items such as sports, music and art equipment, places a heavy burden on poorer families
Cultural capital theory
External
Bourdieu, Marxist, students must possess a certain level of cultural capital. It is for this reason that the middle-class families have higher educational success as they have a greater quantity of cultural capital .
Labelling theory
Internal
(Becker) how a teacher ‘label’ a student can affect their educational performance.
Labelling theory,
- self fulfilling prophecy
Internal
Teachers create self-fulfilling prophecies through labels they attach to pupils. A boy picks up on a teacher’s perception of him, his self-perception is influenced by the teacher’s label and his behavior reflects it: he slowly sees himself as a troublemaker.
Labelling theory,
- Subcultures
Internal
As a response to labeling and streaming pupils may seek out others to form their own subculture. For example: pro-school subculture and anti-school subculture
Labelling theory,
- Streaming
(1)
Internal
Streaming – putting students with similar abilities in the same class and teaching them together for some or all subjects.
Lacey argues that when streaming, setting or branding systems are in operant at school, W/Class students were more likely to be put into a lower stream.
Pupil class identities and the school
