Class differences in achievement Flashcards
What did Becker’s research of pupils find?
60 students in a Chicago School Found thatStudents were judged according to the ‘ideal pupil’, with M/C students seen as closer to this ideal and W/C students viewed as badly behaved.
What criticism did Hempel-Jorgensen make about Becker’s notion of the ideal pupil?
The notion of ideal pupil varies depending on the school and its setting; W/C schools emphasize behavior while M/C schools favor academic ability and personality.
What did Dunne and Gazeley’s research find regarding labelling in secondary schools?
Conducted interviews and found Teachers normalized unachievement in W/C students and believed M/C underachievement could be tackled, leading to differential treatment based on social class e.g extending homework for m/c
How did teachers label W/C and M/C parents according to Dunne and Gazeley’s research?
W/C parents were labeled as uninterested, while M/C parents were seen as engaged, paying for music lessons and attending parents’ evenings.
What grouping did Rist find in primary schools ?
Teachers placed students into groups called ‘tigers’ (mostly M/C) and ‘clowns’ (mostly W/C), affecting their learning environment and encouragement.
What are the steps of self-fulfilling prophecy?
- Teacher labels student and makes predictions. 2. Teacher treats student according to the label. 3. Pupil internalizes the label and fulfills it.
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson’s 1968 study demonstrate about teacher expectations?
Teachers’ expectations influenced students’ results, as nearly half of the randomly labeled ‘spurters’ made significant progress after a year.
What is streaming in education?
Sorting children into different groups based on their ability.
How can streaming lead to self-fulfilling prophecy?
It creates low expectations for students, making it difficult to move up streams and leading to internalized beliefs of hopelessness.
How do M/C students benefit from streaming?
They are more likely to be placed in higher sets, reinforcing their status as ideal pupils, boosting confidence and motivation.
What did Gilbourn and Youdell find about streaming and stereotypes?
Teachers used stereotypes to stream pupils, placing W/C and black students in lower streams and entering them for lower-tier exams.
What is educational triage according to Gilborn and Youdell?
It categorizes students into three groups: those who will pass anyway, those with potential for a C grade, and hopeless cases, to maximize C grades for league tables.
How does the A-C economy negatively impact W/C and black pupils?
They are often stereotyped as ‘hopeless’ and placed in bottom sets with little support.
How does school culture affect w/c students (Archer)
School is a middle-class habitus, leading to W/C students feeling alienated due to their tastes being deemed worthless.
What are ‘Nike identities’ according to Archer?
W/C students adopt branded clothing to gain status and self-worth, which can detract from their focus on education and lead to underachievement.
