Class Difference in Achievement

Question 1

What is Cultural Deprivation?

Answer 1

The theory that many working class and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the ‘right’ culture needed for educational success.

Question 2

How does language affect the educational success for culturally deprived children?

Answer 2

Working class students tend to use a restricted code while all the teachers and textbooks use an elaborated code, which therefore gives the middle class students an advantage and a disadvantage to the working class as they won’t be able to fully understand.

Question 3

Who came up with the speech codes in language?

Answer 3

Bernstein (1975)

Question 4

What is the restricted code?

Answer 4

It is the speech code typically used by the working class. It has a limited vocabulary and is based on short and unfinished,grammatically incorrect simple sentences

Question 5

What is the elaborated code?

Answer 5

Typically used by the middle class and has a wider range if vocabulary and is based on longer, grammatically more complex sentences.

Question 6

Who came up with the idea of parents education affecting children’s behaviour?

Answer 6

Douglas(1964)

Question 7

What are the external factors?

Answer 7

• language
• Parents education
• Working class subculture

Question 8

How does the parents education affect the education of children?

Answer 8

Educated parents parenting style emphasises consistent discipline and high expectations of their children,therefore will push their children in school.
Educated parents are more aware of what is needed assist their children’s educational progress and better educated parents not only tend to have higher incomes but spend their money to promote their educational success

Question 9

Who came up with the idea of the working class subcultures?

Answer 9

Sugar man (1970)

Question 10

How does a working class subcultures affect children’s education?

Answer 10

Large sections of the working class have different goals,beliefs,attitudes and values from the rest of society and this is why they fail at school.

Question 11

What are the four key features of a working class subculture according to sugar man?

Answer 11

• Fatalism
• Collectivism
• Immediate gratification
• Present time orientation

Question 12

What is Fatalism?

Answer 12

a belief in fate-that whatever will be,will be

Question 13

What is collectivism?

Answer 13

Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual

Question 14

What is immediate gratification?

Answer 14

Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future.

Question 15

What is present time orientation?

Answer 15

Seeing the present as more important than the future and so not having long term goals

Question 16

What does a compensatory education program do?

Answer 16

aim to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to school and communities in deprived areas.

Question 17

What is the myth of cultural deprivation?

Answer 17

That working class students are not culturally deprived, but culturally different.

Question 18

Who came up with the idea of the myth of cultural deprivation?

Answer 18

Nell Keddie (1973)

Question 19

What is material deprivation?

Answer 19

Refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income

Question 20

How can housing affect children’s education?

Answer 20

Overcrowding can have have a direct affect by making it harder for the child to study and barely have any room

Question 21

How can diet and health affect children’s education?

Answer 21

poor nutrition may affect health which may result in more absences from school due to illness.

Question 22

How does financial support and the cost of education affect the child education?

Answer 22

Lack of financial support means that children from poor families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences that would enhance their educational success.

Question 23

How does the fear of debt affect the child’s education?

Answer 23

Attitudes towards debt may deter working class students from going to university because they know they can’t afford it.

Question 24

Who came up with the idea of capital?

Answer 24

Bourdieu(1984)

Question 25

What does the term ‘capital’ refer to?

Answer 25

Refers to wealth.

Question 26

What is cultural capital?

Answer 26

refers to the knowledge,attitudes,values,language,tastes and abilities of the middle class.

Question 27

How does cultural capital affect a child’s education?

Answer 27

it gives the middle class children an advantage to school and gives the working class children a feeling of being devalues their culture as rough and inferior.Their lack of cultural capital leads to exam failure and many of these pupils ‘get the message’ that education just isn’t for them.

Question 28

What is labelling?

Answer 28

To label someone is to attach a definition or a meaning to someone. Eg. May label a child as being bright or a troublemaker.