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Zoology Lecture Unit 4 > Class Aves > Flashcards

Class Aves Flashcards

1
Q

Aves

Primary skeletal tissue?

A

Bone

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2
Q

Aves
How many chambers in their hearts?
What is the purpose of the chambers?

A

4 chambers
Keep O2-rich blood from O2-poor blood

Adaptation for flight

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3
Q

Aves

How do they regulate body temperature?

A

Endothermically

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4
Q

Aves

Very ___ metabolic rate

A

High

To keep up with the oxygen and energy demand for flight

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5
Q

Aves

What 4 dermal structures do they have?

A

Scales on feet, claws on feet, beak, feathers

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6
Q

Aves

Synapomorphy

A

Feathers

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7
Q

Aves

Respiratory structure

A

Lungs

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8
Q

Aves

Fertilization type?

A

Internal fertilization

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9
Q

Aves

Oviparous

A

Egg laying

Flight adaptation to reduce weight

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10
Q

Aves

3 types of feathers?

A

Filoplume
Down
Contour

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11
Q

Aves

Down feather purpose?

A

Insulation

First feather in theory

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12
Q

Aves

Contour feather purpose?

A

Flight forces

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13
Q

Aves

Filoplume feather purpose?

A

Perceive air currents

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14
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

2 Bone features?

A

Gas filled and strutted

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15
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

Bone gas and strut purpose?

A

Gas is lighter

Strut to increase strength

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16
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

Toothless purpose?

A

Lighter

Decreases forces require for flight

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17
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
Ribcage type and process name?
Purpose?

A

Fused rib cage w/ uncinate processes

Resist forces created by flight muscles

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18
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

What vertebrae are fused into synsacrum?

A

Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

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19
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

Purpose of synsacrum?

A

Maintains streamlined body

Reduces drag

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20
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
What are caudal vertebrae fused into?
Purpose?

A

Pygostyle

Works as a single unit to increase air-borne braking capability

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21
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
Sternum type?
Purpose?

A

Keeled sternum

Increased surface area for flight muscle attachment

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22
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

What are the clavicles fused with?

A

Furcula

Helps replace shoulder into pre-flap position

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23
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
Carpals are fused into?
Purpose?

A

Carpometacarpus

Resist forces created by feathers at distal part of wing

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24
Q

Aves Muscles

Pectoralis function

A

Wing down and forward

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25
Q

Aves Muscles

Supracoracoideus

A

Wing up and back

26
Q

Aves Muscles

Pectoralis and supracoracoideus are ___ pairs

A

Antagonistic

27
Q

Aves Muscles

Lift > gravity

A

Up

28
Q

Aves Muscles

Thrust > drag

A

Forward

29
Q

Fluid media at high velocities exert ___ pressure

A

Less

30
Q

Aves Digestive Tract Path

A

Mouth -> crop -> proventriculus -> gizzard -> duodenum -> small intestine -> large intestine -> cloaca

31
Q

Aves Digestive Tract

Crop purpose?

A

Food storage

“Eat and run”

32
Q

Aves Digestive Tract

Proventriculus purpose?

A

Glandular

Specialized to increase efficiency

33
Q

Aves Digestive Tract

Gizzard purpose?

A

Muscular grinding specialization to increase efficiency

34
Q

Aves Digestive Tract

Duodoenum purpose?

A

Transition food from acidic to basic

35
Q

Aves Digestive Tract

Cloaca purpose?

A

Receive digestive products, reproductive products, excretory products

36
Q

Aves Circulatory System

4 Chambered heart purpose?

A

Keep high O2 blood and low O2 blood separate

37
Q

Aves Respiratory System

1 respiratory cycle =

A

2 Inhales and 2 Exhales

38
Q

Aves Respiratory System

Modified respiratory cycle purpose?

A

Provides fresh, high quality air to lungs to prevent residual air

39
Q

Aves Respiratory System

Path?

A

External naris -> posterior opening of air passage -> glottis -> trachea -> abdominal air sacs -> lungs -> thoracic air sacs -> trachea -> glottis -> posterior opening of air passage - > external naris

40
Q

Aves Excretory System

What waste product does it produce?

A

Uric acid

41
Q

Aves Excretory System

Why does it produce Uric acid?

A 
Less water needed
Reduces weight ( and forces needed for flight)
42
Q

Aves Reproduction System

Lays eggs

A

Oviparous

43
Q

Aves Excretory System

3 mating systems

A

Monogamous
Polygamous
Polyandrous

44
Q

Aves Excretory System

Monogamous definition

A

1 male + 1 female

Only partner for each

45
Q

Aves Excretory System

Polygamous definition

A

1 male + many females

Many mates

46
Q

Aves Excretory System

Polyandrous definition

A

1 female + many males

Many mates

47
Q

Aves Development

Altricial

A

Ugly, naked, flightless (non-motile), blind

48
Q

Aves Development

Precocial

A

Fluffy, cute, motile, aware

49
Q

Aves Senses

Olfaction

A

Very well developed in vultures

50
Q

Aves Senses

Vision

A

Very well developed

51
Q

Aves Senses

Diurnal meaning?

A

Colovision

Cones dominate retina

52
Q

Aves Senses

Cones in retina are sensitive to ___

A

Color

53
Q

Aves Senses

Rods in retina are sensitive to __

A

Light

54
Q

Aves Senses

Nocturnal meeting?

A

non-colorvision

Rods dominate retina

55
Q

Aves Senses

Eyes on the side of the head =

A

Avoid predators

56
Q

Aves Senses

Eyes on the front of head =

A

Depth perception is important

57
Q

Aves Senses

Do they have pinnae?

A

No

Hearing is very well developed

58
Q

Aves Senses

Hearing

A

Very well developed

59
Q

Aves Migration

Migration purpose

A

Follow the food

60
Q

Aves Migration

Navigation types?

A

Location-based

Route-based

61
Q

Aves Migration

Location-based navigation definition?

A

Based on current location and desired location

Uses celestial bodies: sun, moon, stars
Earth’s magnetic field: use for latitudes

62
Q

Aves Migration

Route-based navigation definition?

A

Based on landmarks

Zoology Lecture Unit 4 (5 decks)

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