Class 9-9-14

Question 0

What is confirmatory anecdotal evidence?

Answer 0

Evidence given by a second person anecdotally that confirms anecdotal evidence by a first person.

Question 1

What is anecdotal evidence?

Answer 1

Evidence based on personal experience. “I have seen with my own eyes.”

Question 2

What is formative research?

Answer 2

Evidence gathered to support a hypothesis or theory.

Question 3

What is an independent variable?

Answer 3

It is the “thing” or variable that you manipulate. Preferably without bias.

Question 4

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 4

It is the result of the experiment.

Question 5

What is an Institutional Review Board?

Answer 5

It is a board that governs experiments. You must be approved by one before preforming any experiment.

Question 6

What is an IRB?

Answer 6

It is an Institutional Review Board.

Question 7

What are the ethical research methods employed by psychologists?

Answer 7

1. Protection from Harm. There must no harm to the participants.
2. Confidentiality. All personal information on participants must be kept confidential.
3. Voluntary participation. All participation must be voluntary.
4. Deception and Intimidation. There must be no intimidation employed and deception is permitted only to prevent bias. Afterwards there must be a debriefing session.
5. Animals must also be treated ethically.

Question 8

What are the ethical research methods related to animals?

Answer 8

1. Psychologists aquire, care for, use, and dispose of animals in compliance with current laws and regulations and with professional standards.
2. Psychologist trained in research methods and experienced in the care of laboratory animals must supervise all procedures involving animals and are responsible for the care and human treatment of the animals.
   Psychologists ensure that all individuals under their supervision who are involved with animals have received instruction in research methods and in the care, handling, and maintenance of the species used to the extent appropriate for their role.
3. Psychologists are to make reasonable efforts to minimize discomfort, pain, infection, and illness in animal subjects.
4. Psychologists use a procedure subjecting animals to stress, pain, or privation only when an alternative is unavailable and the goal is justified by it’s prospective scientific, educational, or applied value.
5. Psychologists preform surgical procedures under appropriate anesthesia and follow techniques to avoid infection and minimize pain during and after surgery.
6. When it is appropriate that an animal’s life be terminated, psychologists must proceed rapidly with an effort to minimize pain and it must be done in accordance with accepted procedures.

Question 9

Why were ethic guidelines adopted?

Answer 9

They were adopted in the aftermath of the experiments preformed on the Jews by the WWII nazis.