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Mother Baby Unit 2 > Class 7 Study Guide > Flashcards

Class 7 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage

A
  • uterine atony
  • trauma to birth canal
  • hematoma
  • retention of placental fragments
  • DIC
  • placenta previa
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2
Q

Predisposing factors for uterine atony

A
  • overdistention of uterus
  • prolonged or precipitate labor
  • induction/augmented
  • retention of placenta
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3
Q

Most common causes of late postpartum hemorrhage

A
  • subinvolution

- retained placenta fragments

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4
Q

Predisposing factors for subinvolution

A
  • attempting to delivery placenta prior detachment
  • maunal removal of placenta
  • placenta accrete
  • previous C/S
  • uterine leiomyomas
  • infection
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5
Q

S/S of subinvolution and management

A
  • prolonged discharge of lochia
  • irregular or excessive bleeding
  • pelvic pain or heaviness
  • backache
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • larger softer uterus
  • treat with methergine
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6
Q

Endometritis

A

infection of inner lining of uterus

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7
Q

Endometritis cause

A

normal inhabitants of vagina and cervix

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8
Q

Endometritis S/S

A
  • looks sick
  • fever
  • chills
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • abdominal pain and cramping
  • uterine tenderness
  • purulent and foul smelling lochia
  • tachycardia
  • subinvolution
  • occurs within 36 hours
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9
Q

Endometritis management

A
  • IV antibiotics

- prophylactic for C/S

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10
Q

Endometritis complications

A
  • salpingitis and oophoritis

- thrombophlebitis

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11
Q

Endometritis Nursing Considerations

A
  • fowlers position
  • analgesics
  • comfort measures:wamr blankets, cool compresses, cold or warm drinks, heating pad
  • foodshigh in Vit. C and protein
  • fluids
  • education on worsening symptoms
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12
Q

Peurperal Infection

A

-bacterial infection after childbirth with fever first 24 hurs on at least 2/10 first days postpartum

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13
Q

Peurperal Patho

A
  • whole reproductive tract is connected and into peritoneal cavity.
  • well supplied blood vessels makes it easy for infection to become septic
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14
Q

Peurperal Infection Risk Factors

A
  • History of previous infections
  • C/S
  • trauma
  • PROM
  • Prolonged labor
  • Cath
  • excessive SVE
  • retained placental fragments
  • hemorrhage
  • poor nutrition
  • comorbidities
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15
Q

What are Preterm babies at risk for

A

-respiratory disorders
-problems with temperature maintenance
-hypoglycemia
-hyperbilirubinemia
-feeding difficulties
-acidosis
sepsis
-long term neurodevelopmental disorders as well as cognitive and behavior problems

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16
Q

LBW:

A

2500 g

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17
Q

VLBW

A

1500g

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18
Q

ELBW

A

1000g

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19
Q

Differentiate between periodic breathing and apneic breathing

A

Periodic: cessation of breathing for 5-10 seconds without other changes, may be followed by rapid respiration for 10-15 seconds

Apneic:lack of breathing lasting more than 20 seconds, or accompanied by cyanosis, pallor, bradycardia, or hypotonia

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20
Q

Excessive compliance

A
  • elasticity of chest cavity during retraction

- may interfere with full expansion of lungs

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21
Q

What can grunting indicate

A
  • early sign of RDS
  • glottis is closed and increased pressure within aveoli partially open during expiration an decreasing amount of oxygen absorbed.
22
Q

High frequency ventilation

A

-used to provide very fast, frequent respiration with less pressure and volume

23
Q

Normal urinary output for perterm infants

A

-2-5 mL/kg/hr

24
Q

Weighing diapers for output

A

-1 diaper, 1 g=1 mL

25
Q

Interventions for preterm infants skin

A
  • use adhesives as little as possible
  • gauze instead of tape
  • no harsh chemicals. If disinfection skin wash wit sterile water afterwards. No alcohol
  • no bathing more than every other day
  • warm water without soap if less than 32 weeks
26
Q

What can pain lead to in preterm infants

A
  • IICP
  • hypoxia
  • changes in BMR
  • adverse effects on healing/growth
27
Q

Common Sings on pain in infants

A
  • increased/decreased vitals
  • high pitch,intense harsh cry
  • whimpering/moaning
  • cry face
  • eyes squeezed shut
  • grimacing
  • bulging or furrowing of brow
  • tense rigid muscles or flaccid
  • rigidity or flailing of extremities
  • sleep wake pattern
28
Q

sceduling care to reduce stress in NICU

A
  • wake infant during active sleep phase when more easily aroused
  • decrease frequency of taking vitals
  • routine daily baths are unnecessary
  • reduce stimuli (noise and light)
  • provide quite times to promote rest
  • reposition infant and waddle them in flex position
29
Q

How much weight should a health PT infant gain

A

-15-20g/kg/day

30
Q

IVH is most associated with

A
  • decreased bp
  • asphyxia
  • respiratory distress
  • increased/fluctuating cerebral blood flow
  • rapid volume expansion
  • hypercarbia
  • acidosis
  • hypoglycemia
31
Q

IVH grade 1

A

very small brain bleed producing few clincal changes

32
Q

IVH Grade 2

A

-hemorrhage extends into lateral ventricles

33
Q

IVH Grade 3

A

-distention of ventricles

34
Q

IVH S/S

A

-from no symptoms to lethargy, poor muscle tone, deterioration of respiratory status, hyperglycemia, seizures

35
Q

IVH management

A
  • occur during first wek

- treatment is supportive and maintaining respiratory function

36
Q

Nursing interventions for IVH

A
  • mechanical ventilation
  • suctioning
  • excessive handling
  • daily measurement of head
37
Q

Assessment findings for posterm infant

A
  • apprehensive look associated with hypoxia
  • thin with loose skin (little subcutaneous fat)
  • little or no vernix
  • wrinkled skin, cracked,peeling
  • rapid use of glycogen stores
  • low temperature (instability)
38
Q

Know resuscitation table

A

Know resucitation table

39
Q

Transient Tacypnea of newborn (TTN)

A
  • rapid respirations soon after birth when inadequate absoprtion of fetal lung fluid occurs
  • resolves within 24-72 hours
40
Q

TTN Risk

A
  • C/S without labor
  • precipitous delivery
  • male gender
  • perinatal asphyxia
  • maternal DM
  • asthma
41
Q

TTN S/S

A
  • respiration of 60-120

- retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, mild cyanosis, hyperinflation

42
Q

TTN management

A
  • supportive

- oxygen for cyanosis and gavage feeds with high respiration’s

43
Q

TTN nursing considerations

A
  • identify signs

- notify provider

44
Q

Meconium aspiration syndrome S/S

A
  • present at birth
  • tachypnea
  • cyanosis
  • nasal flaring
  • grunting
  • rales
  • barrel shape chest-nails, skin, and cord may be stained from meconium passed
45
Q

Side effects of phototherapy

A
  • frequent loose green stools
  • stools can impair skin integrity and cause fluid loss
  • insensible water loss
  • bronze baby syndrome (grayish brown discoloration)
  • rash
46
Q

early onset of sepsis

A
  • acquired during birth from PROM, prolong labor
  • begins withing 72 hours
  • rapidly developing with high mortality and morbidity rate
47
Q

Late onset of sepsis

A
  • develops after first week of life
  • acquired during or after birth, before or after discharge
  • localized infection such as meningitis
48
Q

Characterisitic of infant to DM mother (IDM)

A
  • hypertrophy of liver, spleen and heart
  • round face, obese body, red skin
  • poor muscle tone, irritable and tremors when disturbed
49
Q

NAS S/S

A
  • irritable
  • hyperactive muscle tone
  • high pitched cry
  • diarrhea
  • tremors
  • poor suck and swallow
  • vomiting
  • failure to gain weight
50
Q

NAS management

A
  • deal with complications, respiratory problems
  • medications to help with withdrawals
  • gavage feeding if unable to breastfeed
  • social services
  • breast feed only if on methadone
51
Q

PKU S/S

A
  • digestive problems and vomiting
  • seizures
  • musty urine
  • intellectual impairment
  • screen after 24 hours of birth
52
Q

hypospadias

A
  • urethra isnt midline and is under penis of male infant

- easy fix, usually by 6 months

Mother Baby Unit 2 (3 decks)

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