Class 6 -Field Based Assessments Flashcards
When testing OA vs YA which parameters should we focus on?
- balance for fall prevention
-strength for sarcopenia
What 6 things will assessments help with?
- Identifying and predicting participant risk for mobility problems and disability.
- Determine if program is appropriate for OA
- Motivate your participants to set personal goals
- Select exercises that meet specific needs of OAs
- Provide meaningful feedback to participants
- Document the benefits of your PA program
Name the three categories of the functional fitness framework.
- Physical parameters
- Functions
- Activity goals
What are the three levels of impairments with
1. Physical parameters
2. Functions
3. Activity goals
- Physical impairment
- Functional limitation
- Physical disability
Define physical impairment
Loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ, or body system level
Define functional limitation
Restriction in physical behaviors such as rising from a chair, lifting, or climbing stairs.
Define physical disability/ dependence
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform a task or activity in the manner considered normal
What showed significant correlation with all measures of PA tests?
Time to peak torque
T/F: isometric and isokinetic torques show significant correlation to PA tests
False. Time to max torque and rate of torque were more important.
Name 4 common obstacles to assessments
- Lack of time, space, and budget
- Lack of trained personnel (administering or interpreting)
- Lack of assessment tools
- Absence of a requirement by facility management
Are most PA centre’s at doing assessments for OA?
Yes but just for initial visits
What are the two major criteria for test selection and evaluation?
- Practicality
- Psychometric properties
What is practicality in testing?
The usability of a test
What are the 5 factors of usability?
- Medical permission or supervision required and available
- Time needed to administer and score the test
- Personnel and expertise needed to administer the test
- Level of fatigue to participant per test
- Is the test meaningful to your participants?
What are the 4 psychometric properties?
- Reliability
- Validity
- Discrimination power
- Performance standards
Define reliability
The degree that two test scores are similar when tested under identical conditions
What is needed for a high “Test-re-test reliability”?
- No measurement error
- A correlation higher than 0.80
Does a reliable test have to originate from a published protocol?
Yes
What is it called when scores obtained from multiple testers are very similar?
Inter-rater reliability
(Has high correlation)
Define validity
When the test shows that it measures what its intended to measure.
Is reliability or validity more important?
Validity
What is it called when a tests validity is tested by comparing its scores with other scores already found to be valid?
Criterion-related validity
What correlation value must a criterion-related validity have?
Greater than 0.70
What is content validity?
Degree to which a test measures the domain of interest
T/F: Stat tests are needed to determine content validity.
False, determined by experts in the field.
What is prediction validity?
Ability of a test to predict the future outcome of the test
T/F: Research data must show a strong statistical prediction to the future outcome for predictive validity.
True
What is discrimination power?
Ability of the test to detect changes in performance over time.
What is the floor effect?
Test is too difficult for subjects being tested
What is the ceiling effect
Test is too east for specific subjects
What two parameters are the same when evaluation someone on norm-referenced standards
Gender and age
What is the main benefit of interpreting test results by comparing to performance standards?
Provides feedback to participants
What are the two performance standards used for comparison?
- Norm-referenced standards
- Criterion- referenced standards
What ate participants evaluated on for criterion-referenced standards?
Reference points or specific goals
What are two field based assessments for OAs?
- The senior fitness test (SFT)
- Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale
What are 5 advantages for the SFT?
- Meets psychometric properties
- Is convenient and practical (equipment, training space, time)
- Has norm-referenced standards for interpretability
- Allows OA to perform test safely without need for medical release.
- Evaluates a wide range of physical abilities and functions
T/F: The SFT is a maximal test
False, submaximal test
What is the age group of the 5-year age group norms for the SFT
Age 60-94
What are the 7 componants of the SFT?
- 30s chair stand
- 30s arm curl
- 6min walk
- 2min step
- Chair sit and reach
- Back scratch
- 8 foot up and go
What is the purpose and risk zone of the 30s chair stand?
- To assess lower body strength
- Less than 8 unassisted stands for men and women
What is the purpose and risk zone of the 30s arm curl
- Upper body strength
- Less than 11 correct curls (men and women)
What is the purpose and risk zone of the 6min walk
- Aerobic endurance
- Less than 350yrds or 320m for men and women
What is the purpose and risk zone of the 2min step
- Alternate aerobic endurance test
- Less than 65 steps for both men and women
What is the purpose and risk zone of the chair sit and reach
- Lower body flexibility
- Men: minus 4 inches or more
Women: minus 2 inches or more
What is the purpose and risk zone of the back scratch?
- Upperbody flexibility
- Men: minus 8 inches or more
Women: minus 4 inches or more
What is the purpose and risk zone of the 8 foot up and go?
- Agility & dynamic balance
- More than 9 seconds
T/F the 6 min only needs to be performed once
False, should be done twice and the average taken for best results
What does the FAB measure?
Static and dynamic balance under varied sensory conditions
What point scale is used for the FAB and how many max points can you get.
4-point scale = 40 maximum points
What are the psychometric properties of the FAB?
- high predictive validity
- high test-re-test reliability
- high intra and interater reliability
- high content validity
T/F: The FAB test is appropriate for OA with balance issues, chronic disease, and disabilities?
FALSE, an easier test should be used like the Berg Balance Scale
What is the cutoff score for the long form (10 item) FAB?
Less than or equal to 25/40 = high risk
What is the cutoff score for the short form (items 4-7) FAB
Less than or equal to 9/16 = high risk
Prior to the test, participants must COMPLETE (3)
- Health and PA questionnaire
- Informed consent form
- Medical clearance if required
Prior to the test, participants must ADVISED (3)
- To avoid heavy exertion and alcohol use 24 hrs before
- To eat a light meal before
- To wear appropriate clothing for exercise
What percent is “normal” in performance norms?
The middle 50% of the population
How many people were the norms based on for the SFT
7000 community dwellers (country bois)
What is the balance dimension of the lean backwards in the FAB?
Reactive postural control
What is the balance dimension of the walking head turn in the FAB?
Sensory organization (visual-vestibular inputs)
What is the balance dimension of the standing on foam in the FAB?
Sensory organization (vestibular inputs)
What is the balance dimension of the stand with eyes closed in the FAB?
Sensory organization (somato-vestibular inputs)
What is the balance dimension of the 360 turn in the FAB?
Sensory organization, dynamic balance
What is the balance dimension of the stand on one leg in the FAB?
Static balance (on reduced base of support)
What is the balance dimension of the reach forward in the FAB?
Forward limits of stability
What is the balance dimension of the step onto bench in the FAB?
Anticipatory postural control, dynamic balance
What is the balance dimension of the tandem walk in the FAB?
Dynamic balance (on reduced base of support)
What is the balance dimension of the jump in the FAB?
Dynamic balance, whole body motor coordination
