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518 Class > Class 6 > Flashcards

Class 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is mood and affect

A
  • mood and affect are human emotional experiences
  • mood is the internal subjective experience
  • affect is the outward expression of mood
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2
Q

What are three mood disorders

A
  • major depressive disorder
  • bipolar one
  • > disorder manic episode without major depressive disorder
  • bipolar two
  • > hypomanic disorder with a major depressive episode
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3
Q

Describe bipolar illness

A
  • it is cyclical in nature
  • bipolar illness one
  • > characterized by one or more manic or mixed episodes
  • bipolar illness two
  • > one of more depressive episodes and at least one episode of hypomania
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4
Q

Are psychotic features present in bipolar illness

A
  • yes
  • > they are more likely in bipolar than in depression
  • psychotic features are often associated with mania
  • > mania is grandiose thinking, power or specialness
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5
Q

What is the gold standard medication for bipolar disorder

A
  • lithium(mood stabilizer)
  • > it is the gold standard to treatment for bipolar

-long term use of lithium is hard on kidney function

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6
Q

What does the DSM 5 diagnosis depression as

A
  • it cites the loss of interest and pleasure in life activities and impairments in social, occupational and other important areas of life
  • it also included vegetative shifts
  • > eg; sleeping and eating patterns are disrupted
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7
Q

Are all individuals experience of depression the same

A
  • no
  • > there are different experiences for different people
  • > it is not always synonymous with the diagnostic criteria
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8
Q

Is there a strong link between mood disorders and suicide

A

-yes

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9
Q

What are most common form of treatment for depression

A
  • medication: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • > eg; mirtazapine
  • ECT(electro convulsive therapy)
  • > this is the application of low intensity electrical stimulation to induce a generalized seizure
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • > uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression

-there is also cbt, act, psychoeducation and behavioural activation

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10
Q

What is interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

A

-Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is an intervention for people with bipolar disorder. Its primary focus is stabilizing the circadian rhythm disruptions that are common among people with bipolar disorder

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11
Q

What is the difference between emotion and feeling

A

emotion

  • > a full system response
  • > they consist of more than how we feel

feeling
->a more basis, surface level, involves quick judgements about whether something is good/pleasant/desired or unpleasant/bad unwanted

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12
Q

What is emotional dysregulation

A
  • inability, even when one’s best effort are applied, to change or regulate emotional cues
  • > or to experience actions, verbal responses and or non-verbal expressions under normative conditions
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13
Q

Can people who name their emotions more effective at managing them?

A

-yes

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14
Q

How can we as an OT help an individual identify an emotional response

A
  • look into the physical response
  • look into thoughts
  • are there other times that you felt like this?
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15
Q

What is mindfulness

A
  • recognized as a key skill in managing emotion
  • > you pay attention to the present moment or experience
  • > there needs to be a non-judgemental attitude
  • mindfulness requires the repeated effort of letting go of judgements
  • > also letting go of attachment to current thoughts, emotions, sensations, activities, events or life situation
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16
Q

What is the difference between informal mindfulness and formal mindfulness

A
  • informal is bringing mindfulness to whatever task you are doing
  • > for example, reading, playing an instrument or going for a walk

-formal mindfulness is setting aside time to practice set mindfulness strategies

17
Q

What is anxiety

A
  • a common emotion that we experience
  • it is an adaptive response to threatening or harmful stimuli
  • > it results in our body getting ready to defend
18
Q

When does anxiety become a disorder

A
  • anxiety becomes a disorder when its level is so high that our protective fear response is prolonged
  • > the fear response is incongruent with the perceived threat level in the environment
  • > we can no longer function
19
Q

What is seperation anxiety

A

-it is excessive fear or anxiety related to being separated from home or the place of primary attachment

20
Q

What is selective mutism

A
  • cannot speak in social situation in spite of being able to in other situations
  • > it is related to high social anxiety
21
Q

What is phobia

A
  • it is marked fear about an object or situation

- >there are high levels of anxiety regarding encountering of that fear

22
Q

What is social anxiety

A
  • people experience intense fear about being judged in social situations
  • > these social situations do hold a potential to be judged or scrutinized
23
Q

What is a panic attack

A
  • it is diagnosed when an individual experiences recurrent unexpected panic attacks
  • > it is a fast surge in fear that can peak in minutes
  • > it is accommodated by intense physiological response from the body
24
Q

What is agoraphobia

A
  • characterized by fear or anxiety in at least two of five situations
  • > public transportation
  • > open spaces
  • > enclosed spaces
  • > standing in line or being in a crowd
  • > being outside the home alone
25
Q

What is the superego

A
  • it is the moral code
  • it houses beliefs of right and wrong
  • it can be illogical in its quest for idealist and perception
  • it is the last part to appear in the developmental process
  • > develops by age five
26
Q

Is the ego a sense of self

A
  • yes

- >it really looks at the conscious rather than the unconscious speaks of personality

27
Q

What ego functions are applicable to OT

A
  • reality testing
  • sense of self
  • thought processes
  • judgement
  • self-control
  • defensive mechanisms
  • competence/mastery
28
Q

How does the psychodynamic approach related to OT

A
  • it gives perspective on
  • > how a person is able to relate to themself
  • > how a person relates to others
  • > how a person engages in meaningful occupation

-the psychodynamic approach really brings to the forefront that the emotions and feelings people have are a powerful force in a person’s choice, motivation and continued engagement in occupation

29
Q

Is therapeutic relationship important to the practice of the psychodynamic theory

A
  • yes
  • > it is central to the practice of the psychodynamic theory
  • the interaction with the therapist is often reflective of how a person interacts with their friends and loved ones
  • transference of one’s feeling can occur when the client transfers their feelings about relationships toward the therapist
30
Q

What is transference

A

-redirection of feelings for another person onto the therapist

31
Q

What is counter transference

A
  • reaction to the clients transference

- >projection of therapist’s feelings onto the client

32
Q

What is a parallel process

A
  • a concept developed in psychotherapy and social work fields
  • > the supervisor of a therapist uses the feelings projected onto them as indicators of the unconscious dynamics the therapist is dealing with in their work with clients
  • understanding parallel process can make us more effective in our practice
  • > it is a reflective part of practice
33
Q

What is good about psychodynamic approach in group

A
  • people can gain insight into their own personal situation
  • it can help them process emotion around circumstances or situations they are experiencing
  • create greater self reflection and understanding
34
Q

What is the Movi model

A
  • it incorporates the unconscious into what is said and done within the therapeutic encounter between client, therapist and activity
  • > the therapist, client and activity all create transference

-it is developed from psychoanalysis

  • it use activities to explore the unconscious
  • > can offer space for the client and lead to alternate ways of thinking
  • choice of activity is offered
  • > what the client chooses is important but not so important as having the choice itself
35
Q

Is the therapist relationship essential to the MOVI model

A
  • yes
  • therapist awareness of their own emotions and experiences is part of this process
  • as therapists, we need to be connected to our own process
36
Q

Where may a psychodynamic approach be helpful

A
  • difficulty with self awareness
  • self expression
  • emotional awareness
  • relationship difficulties

518 Class (6 decks)

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