Class 5- Demographic and Epidemiological Transitions

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

• Study of births, deaths, fertility (and others) which demonstrate/explain the changing structure of human populations

Question 2

Age-sex structure

Answer 2

• The distribution of members of a population in age and gender categories

Question 3

Population Pyramid

Answer 3

• A graphical display of the age-sex structure in a population
  
  • Can be used to compare regions or investigate change through time

Question 4

Demographic Transition

Answer 4

• A model of changes in fertility and mortality in populations
  
  • Affects the size and age structure of the population as it moves through the transition

Question 5

Stages of Demographic Transition

Answer 5

• 1: High birth and death rate
• 2: High birth rate, declining death rate
• 3: Declining birth rate, low death rate
• 4: Low birth and death rates
• 5: Declining population due to birth rate below death rate
  
  • This stages is still being debated

Question 6

Stages of Epidemiological transition

Answer 6

• Age of pandemics and famine
  
  • Infectious diseases
• Age of receding pandemics and famine
  
  • Decrease in death from infectious disease
• Age of degenerative diseases
  
  • Disease of “old age”

Question 7

Demographic/Epidemiological transitions and healthcare

Answer 7

• The age-structure (and disease burden) of the population greatly affects the necessary medical health resources and infrastructure

Question 8

Age Standardization

Answer 8

• Allows for statistical comparison among population with differing age structure
  
  • Requires age distribution of observations and overall disease case/rate in each group

Question 9

Types of age standardization

Answer 9

• Direct
• Indirect