Class 5 Flashcards
What are some of the indications for an Ultrasound Examination of the female pelvic area?
- UTERINE ENLARGEMENT
- PELVIC PAIN
- IRREGULAR OR POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING
- PALPABLE PELVIC MASS
- AMENORRHEA OR DYSMENORRHEA
- INFERTILITY
What is a Nabothian Cyst?
A cyst found on the cervix
Benign Condition of the Cervix: What causes a Nabothian Cyst?
Forms in response to inflammation of endocervical gland
True or False: Nabothian Cysts are common
True
How big is a Nabothian Cyst?
3mm to 3cm
What is the Ultrasound Appearance of a Nabothian Cyst?
Anechoic with enhanced sound transmission in cervix
True or False: Cervical Polyps are NOT common in Multigravidas
False
True or False: Cervical Polyps are common in patients in their 40’s and 50’s
True
True or False: Cervical Polyps are Asymptomatic
True
True or False: Cervical Polyps are a rare condition
False: Cervical Polyps are the most common benign cervical neoplasm
Ultrasound Appearance of Cervical Polyps
Small echogenic areas in cervix
What is the percentage of the time that Cervical Myomas (fibroids) occur?
3% to 8%
True or false: Cervical Myoma (fibroid) may be asymptomatic
True
Cervical Myoma (fibroid) may cause?
dyspareunia, dysuria, cervical obstruction, prolapse, bleeding, obstructed labor
Treatment for Cervical Myoma (fibroid) may include?
Resection or hysterectomy if warranted
Ultrasound Appearance of Cervical Myoma
Cervix may appear bulk or distorted
Endometrial Polyps are most common in patients aging?
40-49 years old
True or False: The Etiology of Endometrial Polyps is known
False: the Eitology is unknown
Where are endometrial Polyps often found?
The Cornual region of the fundus
True or False: Endometrial Polyps may be asymptomatic or Cause Bleeding
True
Ultrasound Appearance of Endometrial Polyps
May appear on US as hyperechoic areas within endometrium
What is Tamoxifen?
A non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug
Who is given Tamoxifen?
Patients with Breastcancer
Tamoxifen is associated with changes in where?
Endometrium
True or False: Tamoxifen has no side-effects
False: Tamoxifen may lead to development of polyps, endometrial cancer, myoma growth
What is Adenomyosis?
Endometrial glands and stroma grow into the myometrium
Adenomyosis is more common in who and when?
Women over the age of 50 years old
How is Adenomyosis diagnosed?
Surgically or with MRI
In over 50% of cases Adenomyosis is associated with?
Leiomyoma
US appearance of Adenomyosis
Enlarged Uterus of normal or decreased echogenicity
What are Leiomyomas and what are other names for them?
AKA: leiomyomata, fibroid, myoma, fibromyoma
Def: Benign muscle tumors
Where are Leiomyomas commonly found?
Most common tumor of female pelvis
Leiomyomas consist of?
Consist of lobulations of myometrial tissue which can distort the uterine contour and endometrial stripe
Leiomyomas are found in _____% of women greater than ____ years old
a. 20:20
b. 35:20
c. 20:35
d. 35:35
C. 20% : 35 years old
Leiomyomas are found more in which population?
Afro-American Population
Leiomyomas range from ___mm to ___cm in size?
a. 1: 25
b. 20:20
c. 1:20
d. hecka:hella
C. 1mm : 20cm
What are the signs and symptoms of Leiomyomas?
Pelvic pain Menorrhagia Asymptomatic Bladder or rectum pressure Infertility Spontaneous abortion
How are Myoma classified?
CLASSIFIED IN RELATION TO POSITION TO UTERINE WALL INTRAMURAL (INTERSTITIAL) SUBSEROSAL SUBMUCOSAL PEDUNCULATED
True or False: During Pregnancy fibroids may grow due to increase in progesterone
False: DURING PREGNANCY FIBROIDS MAY GROW DUE TO INCREASE IN ESTROGEN
True or False: After menopause, fibroids tend to shrink due to decreased levels of estrogen
True
What are some degenerative changes of Fibroids?
Cystic degeneration, calcification, and Hyaline degeneration
True or False: Fibroids have subtle changes in echogenicity of myometrium
True
True or False: Fibroids have ill-defined masses
False: they have well defined masses
True or False: Fibroids have whorled appearances that are hypoechoic to anechoic
True
Which of the following are not a sonographic appearance of Fibroids? A. Echogenic areas with distal shadowing B. Uterine lobulation C. Endometrial distortion D. Ill-defined masses E. Uterine enlargement
D. Fibroids do not have ill defined masses
Pendunculated Fibroids may extend in which positions?
Anteriorly, Posteriorly, or Laterally
What are some of the Differential Diagnoses of Penduculated Fibroids?
- Bicornuate uterus
- Blind uterine horn
- Ovarian mass
- Hydatiform mole
- Ectopic pregnancy
