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Ortho Part A > Class 4 > Flashcards

Class 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Major clinical problems of maxillary growth

A

Maxillary hypoplasia (class III)

maxillary prognathism (Class II)

Transverse deficiency

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2
Q

Restraining maxillary growth force magnitude

A

500-1000 g distributed over large bone areas and number of teeth

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3
Q

Restraining maxillary growth force duration

A

12-16 hours a day

Different from 6 hours for teeth movement

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4
Q

Restraining maxillary growth force frequency

A

Intermittent not continuous

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5
Q

Maxillary protraction face mask and reverse pull headgear

A

Intraoral components anchored on maxillary molars

6-8 months before 11 years old

3 mm of skeletal movement

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6
Q

Transverse Deficiency Palatal Expansion

A

Transverse maxillary deficiency targeting palatal suture

Seen in patients with Cl III Cl II with long problem

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7
Q

Rapid palatal expansion

A

1mm/day mostly for adolescents patients usually the entire course takes 2-3 weeks

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8
Q

Slow palatal expansion

A

1 mm/week may be used for late adolescent and young adult

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9
Q

_______ fo the mid palatal suture increases with age which increase the difficulty of suture expansion

A

Interdigitation

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10
Q

In adults the suture is either _____ or highly_______. Palatal expansion would produce mostly ______

A

Fused

Interdigitated

Dental movement

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11
Q

The mandible grows mainly

A

At the condyles-endochondral formation

And posterior and lateral surfaces -intramembranous formation

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12
Q

Functional appliances can _____ growth but may not ______

A

May accelerate growth

Increase final size

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13
Q

Unwanted dental effects of functional appliances

A

Lower incisor proclamation and upper incisor retroclination

May help reduce overjet though

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14
Q

Restraining mandibular growth chin cup headgear

A

Rarely used

Reducers mandibular protrusion by increasing face height

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15
Q

Widening the mandible

A

Symphysis

Can expand the dentoalveolus but not the basal bone

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16
Q

To expand the mandibular basal bone

A

Requires a surgical procedure—distraction osteogenesis

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17
Q

Distraction Osteogeneis

A

A surgically and mechanically induced bone regeneration process.

Osteotomy—bone fragments opened gradually

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18
Q

4 Sequential phases of DO

A

Latency
Distraction
Consolidation
Remodeling

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19
Q

Latency

A

The interval between osteotomy operation and then tart of distraction

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20
Q

Distraction

A

The period that distractor activation takes place

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21
Q

Consolidation

A

The post distraction period to allow for new bone formation

22
Q

Remodeling

A

The period that the regenerated bone continues to remodel

23
Q

Constituents of PDL

A

Mainly parallel collagenous fibers

Cells: fibroblasts osteoblasts mesenchymal stem cells and cells from the vascular structures

Blood vessel and nerve endings

Tissue fluids

24
Q

The PDL is adapted to resist

A

Short duration forces

25
Q

Prolonged forces to PDL induce

A

Remodeling of the PDL and adjacent bone

26
Q

Force as low as ___ can induce tooth movement

A

2 gm

27
Q

What is the main cell needed for tooth movement

A

Fibroblasts

28
Q

______ is required for tooth movement beyond the PDL space

A

Bone resorption

29
Q

What cells are required for bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

30
Q

What cells are normally and not normally in PDL

A

Fibroblasts present

Osteoclasts nope

31
Q

Osteoclasts recruited from

A

Bone marrow and blood vessel

32
Q

Bioelectric Theory

A

Bony changes caused by electric signals

1) Force induces piezoelectric signals
2) Bioelectric potential changes cell activity

33
Q

Pressure Tension Theory

A

Bony changes caused by chemical signals

1) Pressure and tension alter blood flow
2) Formation and release of chemical messengers
3) chemical messengers change cell activities

34
Q

Response to sustained light pressure: 1-2 seconds

A

Tooth displacement within PDL space

35
Q

Response to sustained light pressure: 3-5 Seconds

A

Blood flow changes

36
Q

Response to sustained light pressure: Minutes

A

Oxygen tension at compression side decreases —> prostaglandins and cytokines release

37
Q

Response to sustained light pressure: hours

A

Chemical messengers cause metabolic change; second messengers release —> Osteoclasts recruitment FROM BLOOD, maturation and activation—> front bone resorption

38
Q

Response to sustained light pressure: 2 days

A

Tooth movement beyond PDL space

39
Q

Response to sustained heavy pressure: 1-2 seconds

A

Tooth displacement within PDL space

40
Q

Response to sustained heavy pressure: 3-5 seconds

A

Blood vessels occluded on the pressure side

41
Q

Response to sustained heavy pressure: Mintues

A

Blood flow cut off to compressed PDL

42
Q

Response to sustained heavy pressure: HourS

A

Cell death in compressed area

43
Q

Response to sustained heavy pressure: 3-5 days

A

Osteoclast recruitment FROM BONE MARROW inside alveolar bone maturation and activation —> undermining bone resorption

44
Q

Response to sustained heavy pressure: 7-14 days

A

Tooth movement beyond PDL space

45
Q

In response to heavy pressure osteoclasts were recruited from

A

Bone marrow, the opposite side of the PDL—> undermining resorption

46
Q

The effect of force duration

A

Sustained force is required
-continuous force is not absolutely euiqred

4 hours per day

4-8 hours best clinical

47
Q

The compression area is larger during _____ than _____—> greater force is needed to produce the same pressure

A

Translation

Tipping

48
Q

Drugs that inhibit orthodontic movement

A

Bisphosponates

NSAID, Corticosteroids, prostaglandin inhibitor

49
Q

Methods to accelerate tooth movement

A

Corticotomy

Vibration, phototherapy, ultrasound

Regional accelerated phenomen

50
Q

Differential space closure

A

Anchorage control using different achnorage values

Using light force is important for this strategy

51
Q

Stationary anchorage control

A

Only allow bodily movement of the molars which require stronger pressure

52
Q

TADs

A

Temporary anchorage devices used to prevent unwanted tooth movement

Ortho Part A (5 decks)

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