Class 3: Mendel's Laws

Question 1

crosses between parents that differ in only one trait

Answer 1

monohybrid crosses

Question 2

Monohybrid crosses always result in…

Answer 2

all dominant F1 and a 3:1 ratio in the F2

Question 3

the cell formed by the fertilization of the egg by the sperm during sexual reproduction

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

in humans, eggs and sperm are _________, and zygotes are __________.

Answer 4

haploid, diploid

Question 5

Haploid cells are those that have ___________ while diploid cells have _____________.

Answer 5

only a single set of chromosomes, two sets of chromosomes

Question 6

body cells of an organism and have two copies of each gene

Answer 6

somatic cells

Question 7

specialized cells (eggs and sperm) that carry genes between generations and bear only a single copy of each gene

Answer 7

gametes

Question 8

used to determine the genotype of an individual showing a dominant phenotype by mating with an individual showing the recessive phenotype

Answer 8

testcross

Question 9

Dihybrid crosses always result in…

Answer 9

an F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1

Question 10

an individual that is heterozygous at two different genes

Answer 10

dihybrid
ex. Yy Rr

Question 11

Mendel’s second law, which states that alleles of different genes segregate into gametes independently of each other.

Answer 11

law of independent assortment

Question 12

gametes =

Answer 12

eggs or sperm

Question 13

Prior to cell division (mitosis or meiosis), chromosomes replicate to form __________.

Answer 13

sister chromatids