Class 1: What is a gene? Flashcards
phenotype
observable characteristic
observable characteristic
phenotype
_________ are alternative forms of a single gene
alleles
the random distribution of alleles of different genes during gamete formation is _______________
independent assortment
ex. the allele for a pea shape in a gamete carrying Y could with equal likelihood be either R or r. Thus the presence of a particular allele of one gene, say the dominant Y for pea color, provides no info about the allele of the second gene.
__________ are reproductive cells containing only one copy of each gene
gametes
gametes
reproductive cells containing only one copy of each gene
the heritable entity that determines a characteristic
gene
the separation of the two alleles of a gene into different gametes
segregation
law of segregation
Mendel’s first law, which states that the two alleles for each trait…
separate (segregate) during gamete formation and then unite at random, one from each parent, at fertilization.
an individual with two different alleles of a gene
heterozygote
ex. Yy
dominant
the allele expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote
offspring of the P generation is the _______
F1 generation
testcross is the cross of…
an individual of an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual
Testcross:
if the unknown genotype is homozygous, all progeny will exhibit the _________ phenotype
dominant
Testcross:
if the unknown genotype is heterozygous…
half the progeny will exhibit the dominant trait, half the recessive trait
the alleles an individual has
genotype
the allele that does not contribute to the phenotype of the heterozygote
recessive
Dihybrid cross is a cross between individuals both __________ for two genes
heterozygous
having two identical alleles of a given gene
homozygote
One strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ GGTCTA 3′. What is the sequence of the other strand?
5′ TAGACC 3′
Which of the following is a structural feature shared by DNA, RNA, and proteins?
The order of monomers is important for function.
A ratio of 8:3:1 of A:B:C means that the fraction of B among the total is _________, which is ________ or _______.
1/4; .25; 25%
Which are NOT gene products?
transcript
mRNA
tRNA
promoter
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
glucose
leading strand
amino acid
allele
protein
promoter
glucose
leading strand
amino acid
allele
