Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Year 2 - GI > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the three constrictions of the oesophagus located?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Diaphragmatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the structures that go through the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm.

A

Oesophagus

oesopheageal branch of left gastric artery

vagus

left inferior phrenic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the blood supply of the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Branches of left gastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Left gastric veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Left gastric lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stomach: name 2 orifices.

A

Cardial

Pyloric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stomach: name 2 curvatures.

A

Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stomach: name 2 surfaces.

A

Anterior

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identify the different parts of the stomach:

Cardia

Body

Fundus

Pylorus

A

See image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Ring of smooth muscle controlling discharge of stomach contents into duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical aspects of pyloric sphincter: some children are born with ___________ ____________ ___________, presenting as _____________.

A

congenital pyloric stenosis

presents with vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the gatric folds/rugae of the stomach formed from?

A

Mucosal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what 2 portions of the stomach are they most apparent?

A

Pylorus
Greater Curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the stomach.

A

Lesser curvature

Left gastric artery (from coeliac trunk)

Right gastric artery (from common hepatic)

Greater Curvature

Left gastro-omental artery (from splenic artery)

Right gastro-omental artery (from common hepatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 4 groups of lymph nodes that drain the stomach.

A

Gastric

Pyloric

Pancreatosplenic

Pancreaticoduodenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The 4 primary lymph nodes that drain the stomach drain into which group of lymph nodes?

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve is key to controlling gastric motility?

A

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pyloric sphincter?

A

Relaxes and opens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on gastric secretions?

A

Increased secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name 3 parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Illeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

Major duodenal papilla (duodenum)

24
Q

Where is the foregut/ midgut boundary in the small intestine?

A

1/3rd of way along duodenum.

25
Q

Which part of the small intestine is the shortest, widest and most fixed part?

A

Duodenum

26
Q

Compare the jejunum and illeum in life.

Colour, Wall, Vascularity, Vasa recta Arcades, Fat in mesentery, Circular folds

A
27
Q

How is the large intestine peritonised?

Caecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon

A

Caecum - intra

Ascending Colon - retro

Transverse Colon - intra
Descending Colon - retro

Sigmoid Colon - intra

28
Q

In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located?

A

Right illiac

29
Q

What is the midgut/hindgut boundary in the large intestine?

A

2/3rds along Transverse Colon

30
Q

Which two structures open into the cavity of caecum?

A

Appendix

Illeum

31
Q

What is McBurney’s point and why is it useful clinically?

A

1/3rd along line between Right ASIS and umbilicus.

Site of maximum tenderness in acute apendicitis

32
Q

Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the rectum.

A

Superior 1/3rd: superior rectal artery and vein

Middle 1/3rd: middle rectal artery and vein

Lower 1/3rd: Inferior rectal artery and vein

33
Q

Of the 2 anal sphincters, which is visceral and which is somatic?

A

External anal sphincter = somatic

Internal anal sphincter = visceral

34
Q

What is the falciform ligament and what structure runs within the free border of it?

A

Falciform ligament seperates Right and Left lobes of the liver.

Ligamentum teres (round ligament of liver) lies wihtin its free border.

35
Q

What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?

A

Fetal umbilical vein

36
Q

How many layers of the peritneum are present in the greater omentum?

A

4

(double sheet)

37
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Grooves between lateral aspects of colon and postero-lateral abdomninal wall.

38
Q

Where are the paracolic gutters found in relation to the large intestine?

A

Laterally.

39
Q

List 3 abdominal viscera which lie on a mesentery.

A

Sigmoid colon

Transverse colon

Small intestine

40
Q

What muscle type forms the muscularis externa in the oesophagus?

A

Upper 1/3rd: skeletal muscle

Middle 1/3rd: Skeletal + Smooth

Lower 1/3rd: Smooth muscle

41
Q

What kind of epithelium is present in the oesophagus?

A

Non-keratinised Stratified squamous

42
Q

What type of muscle is present in the muscularis mucosae in the oesophagus?

A

Smooth muscle

43
Q

Stomach: what are the large folds present in the wall?

A

Rugae

44
Q

Stomach: what secretory cells are loacted in the gastric pits?

A

Surface mucous cells.

45
Q

Small intestine: what are the large folds extending into the lumen called?

A

Plicae circularis

46
Q

Super imposed on each large fold is numourous finger like processes. What are these?

A

Villi

47
Q

Small intestine: what kind of epithelium is present in one of these finger like villi?

A

Simple columnar

48
Q

Where, along the gut tube, do glands extend down beyond the muscularis mucosae (interna) into the submucosa?

A

Oesophagus, Duodenum

49
Q

Small intestine: What appear to be ‘spaces’ can be seen scattered between the cells of the surface epithelium: these are actually the contents of secretory cells. What are the cells called and what do they secrete?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Secrete water

50
Q

Colon: what is the predominant cell type in the epithelium?

A

Simple columnar

51
Q

Recto-anal junction: what type of epithelium?

A

Stratified Squamous

52
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

Horizontal line passing through pylorus of stomach

53
Q

How would you locate the transpyloric plane on a patient?

A

Midway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis.

54
Q

List the structures present in the transpyloric plane.

A

Neck of Pancreas

Pylorus

Spleen

L1

Duodenum (2nd part)

55
Q

What aggregations are a distinguishing feature of the illeum?

A

Peyer’s Patches

56
Q

Histology - how can you differentiate the jejunum from the duodenum and illeum?

A

Villi without brunners glands or peyer’s patches.

57
Q

Histology - what is the characteristic feature of the sub-mucosa of the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s Glands

(sub-mucosa packed full of these small, white glands)

Anatomy Year 2 - GI (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions