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Anatomy Year 2 - GI > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum?

A

Visceral

Parietal

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2
Q

Define peritoneal cavity

A

Potential space between visceral and parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

What are the two major divisions of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Greater sac

Lesser sac

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4
Q

Through which passage do these two sacs communicate?

A

Epiploic foramen

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5
Q

Define intraperitoneal

A

Organ completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

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6
Q

Define retroperitoneal

A

Organ firmly attached to posterior abdominal wall and only covered by peritoneum on anterior surface

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7
Q

List all the retroperitoneal organs.

A
  1. Suprarenal glands
  2. Aorta
  3. Duodenum
  4. Pancreas
  5. Ureter
  6. Colon (ascending and descending)
  7. Kidneys
  8. Esophagus
  9. Rectum
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8
Q

List the intraperitoneal organs.

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver
  3. Final bit of duodenum
  4. Illeum
  5. Jejunum
  6. Transverse colon
  7. Sigmoid colon
  8. Caecum
  9. Spleen
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9
Q

What is present in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal fluid

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10
Q

Which layer of peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat and cold?

A

Parietal

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the lesser omentum?

A

Lesser curvature of stomach

Liver

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the greater omentum?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Transverse colon

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13
Q

Why is the greater omentum referred to as the abdominal policeman?

A

Adheres to site of infection, localising it and preventing further spread.

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14
Q

Name the 3 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

Quadratus lumborum

Psoas

Illiacus

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15
Q

State the vertebral levels of the 3 major openings in the diaphragm and state what passes through each.

A

T8 - IVC

T10 - oesophagus

T12 - aorta

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16
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta which supplies blood to the gut tube?

A

Coeliac trunk

Superior mesenteric a

Inferior mesenteric a

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17
Q

What vertebral level does the abdominal sorta divide?

A

L4/L5

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18
Q

How is the IVC formed in the abdomen

A

2 common iliac veins

19
Q

What level does the coeliac trunk branch off the aorta?

A

T12

20
Q

What level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

A

L1

21
Q

What level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

A

L3

22
Q

Coeliac trunk supplies what structures?

A

Foregut

23
Q

Sup mesenteric supplies what structures?

A

Midgut

24
Q

Inf mesenteric supplies what structures?

A

Hindgut

25
Q

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which 2 major veins?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

Splenic vein (which inferior mesenteric joins to)

26
Q

List the 4 sites of portocaval anastomoses in the body.

A
  1. Oesophageal
  2. Rectum
  3. Liver - bare area
  4. Umbilicus
27
Q

Clinical significance of these portocaval anastomoses?

A

Indicate portal hypertension.

In portal hypertension, the anastomoses become congested and form venous dilatations

28
Q

What nerve is secretomotor to the stomach?

A

Vagus

29
Q

What is the functional difference between the greater, lesser and least splanchic nerves and the pelvic splanchic nerves?

A

Pelvic splanchic nerves = parasympathetic

S2, S3, S4

30
Q

Why does the right kidney lie lower than the left kidney?

A

Liver

31
Q

Name 3 structures entering the hilum of the kidney.

A

Renal vein

Renal artery

Ureter

32
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

33
Q

What is the anatomical location of the suprarenal glands?

A

Superior to kidney

34
Q

What is the term used to describe the expanded upper part of the ureter?

A

Renal pelvis

35
Q

Define ureter

A

Muscular duct carrying urine from kidneys to bladder

36
Q

Ureters are constricted at 3 locations. Name them.

A

.Pelviureteric junction

Pelvic brim

Vesicoureteric junction

37
Q

Name the 3 main branches of the coeliac trunk.

A

Common hepatic artery

Splenic artery

Left gastric artery

38
Q

pain from the parietal peritoneum typically gives what clinical sign

A

rebound tenderness

39
Q

what is the nerve supply to the parietal peritoneum

A

lower 6 thoracic nerves and 1st lumbar (T7-12 & L1)

40
Q

4 sites of portocaval anastamoses

A

oesophagus

rectum

umbilicus

liver

41
Q

what is the difference in the arrangement of the ganglia in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A

sympathetic - para vertebral

parasympathetic - pre vertebral

42
Q

at the renal hilum, which vessels is anterior most

A

renal vein

43
Q

at the renal hilum, which vessel is posterior most

A

ureter

Anatomy Year 2 - GI (4 decks)

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