Class 3 & 4

Question 1

Basic functions of the skeletal system (6)

Answer 1

1. Provides support for soft tissues (attachment points for tendons and muscles
2. Protects the internal organs (brain, heart, etc)
3. Assists in body movements (in conjunction with the muscles)
4. The red marrow participates in blood cells production (hemopoiesis)
5. Stores and releases salts of calcium and phosphorus
6. Stores triglycerides for energy in the yellow marrow

Question 2

Macroscopically, the bone is composed of two types of bone tissue

Answer 2

compact bone, spongy bone

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

located in the exterior, makes the bulk of the body, provides protection, support, and resists mechanical stress

Question 4

Spongy bone

Answer 4

also called trabecular or cancellous, located in the interior of the bone protected by the compact bone. Contain visible spaces filled with red bone marrow.

Question 5

Structure of a typical bone

Answer 5

Diaphysis, 2 epiphyses, 2 metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary (marrow) cavity, endosteum

Question 6

Diaphysis

Answer 6

bone shaft/body

Question 7

Epiphyses (2)

Answer 7

both ends of the bone at the joints

Question 8

Metaphyses (2)

Answer 8

between diaphysis and epiphysis , contains the epiphyseal plate where the bone grows in length

Question 9

Articular cartilage

Answer 9

covering both epiphyses to form joints

Question 10

Periosteum (surrounding the diaphysis)

Answer 10

where the bone grows in thickness

Question 11

Medullary (marrow) cavity

Answer 11

within diaphysis, where the marrow is stored

Question 12

Endosteum

Answer 12

lining in the medullary cavity

Question 13

Skeleton consists of ____ named bones

Answer 13

206

Question 14

Axial skeleton ___ bones

Answer 14

80, including skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, hyoid

Question 15

Appendicular skeleton ____ bones

Answer 15

126, includes pectoral and pelvic girdles, upper and lower limbs

Question 16

Types of bones based on shapes (5)

Answer 16

long (humerus), short (trapezoid=wrist bone), sesamoid (patella), flat (sternum), irregular (vertebra),

Question 17

Two major surface markings of bones

Answer 17

Depressions.openings, processes

Question 18

Depressions/openings allow for

Answer 18

passage of blood vessels, nerves, ligaments, and tendons