Class 3

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

Our thoughts, feelings, ways of thinking about things, beliefs, and behaviors.

Question 2

What is Freud’s theory about personality?

Answer 2

Suggested that human behavior is motivated by the libido and death instinct.

***see definition about these!

Question 3

What did Freud propose about the human psyche?

Answer 3

The id, the ego, and the superego

Question 4

What is the id?

Answer 4

Largely unconscious and responsible for drives to avoid pain and seek pleasures

Question 5

What is the go?

Answer 5

Responsible for logical thinking and planning

Question 6

What is the superego?

Answer 6

Responsible for our moral judgments of right and wrong; strives for perfection

Question 7

What age did Freud believe that personality stopped developing?

Answer 7

6

Question 8

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages of development (and their age ranges)?

Answer 8

1. oral (0-1 year) - mouth
2. anal (1-3) - anus
3. phallic (3-6) - genitals
4. latency (6-12) - N/A
5. genital (12 +)

Question 9

What is an oral fixation?

Answer 9

Orally aggressive: verbally abusive (not fed enough)

Orally passive: smoking, overeating (fed too much)

Question 10

What are anal fixations?

Answer 10

Anal retentive: overly neat/tidy

Anal expulsive: disorganized

Question 11

What are the phallic fixations?

Answer 11

Oedipus complex (males)
Electra complex (females) + penis envy -\_\_\_\_\_-

Children want to kill their same sex parent to be with the other parent sexually

Question 12

What are the latent fixations?

Answer 12

Trick question! There are none

Question 13

What did Erik Erikson do?

Answer 13

Extended Freud’s ideas to include social and interpersonal factors, extending the stages through adulthood.

Question 14

What are Erikson’s stages of development?

Answer 14

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame (toddler)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (school age)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolesence)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle age)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (later life)

Question 15

What is the humanist perspective of personality?

Answer 15

Asserts that humans are driven by an actualizing tendency to realize their own highest potential, and personality conflicts arise when this is thwarted.

Question 16

Who developed the humanist perspective of personality?

Answer 16

Carl Rogers

Question 17

What is the behaviorist perspective of personality?

Answer 17

Personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on our environment.

Question 18

Who developed the behaviorist perspective of personality?

Answer 18

BF Skinner

Question 19

What does BF Skinner study/believe?

Answer 19

Classical conditioning (any positive/negative association; typically not intentional)
vs. 
Operant conditioning (reinforcement and punishment; very intentional)

He thought that people begin as blank slates and environmental reinforcement and punishment determine behavior and personalities.

Question 20

What is social cognitive perspective of personality?

Answer 20

Personality is a result of reciprocal interactions among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.

Question 21

What is Albert Bandura associated with?

Answer 21

Social learning or observational (vicarious) learning.

He did the bobo doll experiment.

Question 22

What is another term for client-centered therapy?

Answer 22

Humanistic approach

Question 23

What is motivation?

Answer 23

The driving force that causes us to act or behave in certain ways,.

Question 24

What factors influence motivation?

Answer 24

1. Instincts (biologically programmed)
2. Drives (biological needs)
3. Needs (beyond biological - achievement)
4. Arousal (bored vs. overwhelmed)

Question 25

What does the drive-reduction theory state?

Answer 25

Suggests that a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce that need by engaging in some behavior.

Question 26

What did Abraham Maslow believe?

Answer 26

Sought to explain human behavior by creating a hierarchy of needs.

The pyramid suggests that not all needs are created equal

Physiological needs -> safety -> love and belonging -> esteem -> self-actualization

Question 27

What is a psychological disorder?

Answer 27

A set of behavioral and/or psychological symptoms that are not in keeping with cultural norms, and that are severe enough to cause significant personal distress and/or significant impairment to social, occupational, or personal functioning

Question 28

What are the three families of psychological disorders?

Answer 28

1. Anxiety
2. Mood
3. Personality
4. Psychotic
5. Dissociative
6. Eating
7. Neurocognitive
8. Sleep
9. Somatoform
10. Substance abuse

Question 29

What kind of disorder is schizophrenia?

Answer 29

Psychotic

Question 30

What is a dissociative disorder?

Answer 30

Disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception. e.g. dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder)

Can be caused by psychological trauma!

Question 31

What are some neurocognitive disorders?

Answer 31

Alzheimer’s

Dementia

Question 32

What are some somatoform disorders?

Answer 32

Symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition, substance use, or other mental disorder. E.g. hypochondriasis, BMD, conversion disorder

Question 33

What is the most prevalent psychological disorder?

Answer 33

Anxiety disorders

Question 34

What is the difference between acute stress disorder and PTSD?

Answer 34

PTSD is acute stress disorder that lasts longer than a month

Question 35

What are the 4 types of therapies?

Answer 35

1. Psychoanalytic
2. Humanistic
3. Behavioral
4. Cognitive behavioral