Class 2 - Station 1: Peritoneum Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
A transparent serous membrane that covers the body wall and organs
What are the 2 divisions of the peritoneum?
Visceral
Parietal
Define: peritoneal cavity.
Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
What does the parietal peritoneum line?
Inner body wall
What does the visceral peritoneum line?
Organs
What are the two major divisions of the peritoneal cavity?
- Greater sac
- Lesser sac (omenta bursa)
Through what passage do the greater and lesser sac communicate?
Epiploic foramen
Where is the epiploic foramen located?
- Inf. to gall bladder
- Inf. to left lobe of liver
- Right hand side slightly of the midline
- Sup. to duodenum
What are intraperitoneal organs?
Completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum
What are retroperitoneal organs?
- Firmly attached to posterior body wall
- Lined by peritoneum on their anterior surface
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
SAD PUCKER
S - suprarenal glands
A - aorta/vena cava
D- duodenum
P - pancreas (not tail)
U - ureter
C - ascending/descending colon
K - kidney
E - esophagus
R - Rectum (lower 2/3rds)
What are the intraperitoneal organs?
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Liver
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What fills the peritoneal cavity?
Serous fluid
What does extraperitoneal mean?
Covers structures in the abdominopelvic cavity that are not covered in peritoneum
Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature?
Parietal
Study
What are the attachements of the greater omentum?
Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
What are the attachements of the lesser omentum?
Lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
Why is the greater omentum known as the abdominal policeman?
The lower and left and right margins are free to move. In infection inflammatory exudate causes the omentum to wrap itself around the area of infection and stops peritonitis. Esp. seen in appendicitis
What nerves are responsible for pain from the parietal peritoneum?
Thoracic nerves T7 - T12
L1
What is the clinical sign of rebound tenderness caused by?
The parietal peritoneum is very sensitive to stretching
What nerves innervate the visceral peritoneum?
Autonomic nerves
What does innervation of autonomic nerves mean in reference to pain?
Often referred
Poorly localised
