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FF: neuro content > class 2: neuro DD > Flashcards

class 2: neuro DD Flashcards

1
Q

UMN lesion - tone

A

hypertonicity

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2
Q

UMN lesion - reflexes

A

hyper reflexia

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3
Q

UMN lesion - sesnsation

A

decreased

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4
Q

UMN lesion - involonary muscle moevemnts

A

muscle spasms

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5
Q

UMN lesion - voluntary movements

A

movement in syngerist patterns

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6
Q

LMN lesion - tone

A

hypo tone

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7
Q

UMN lesion - what is involved

A

cortex, BS, SC

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8
Q

LMN lesion - what is involved

A

peri nerves, nerve roots, CN

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9
Q

LMN lesion - reflexes

A

hyper reflexia

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10
Q

LMN lesion - sensationn

A

decreased

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11
Q

LMN lesion - voluntary movement

A

fasiculations

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12
Q

basal ganglia lesion - tone

A

rigid

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13
Q

basal ganglia lesion - reflexes

A

normal or decreased

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14
Q

basal ganglia lesion - sensation

A

normal

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15
Q

basal ganglia lesion - involintary movement

A

resting tremor

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16
Q

basal ganglia lesion - voluntary movements

A

bradykinsia or akinesia

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17
Q

what is bradykinesia

A

slowness of movement

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18
Q

what disease is bradykinesia a common symtom of

A

park

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19
Q

cere - tone/reflexes

A

decreased or normal

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20
Q

cere - senstation

A

normal

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21
Q

cere - involuntary movements

A

normals

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22
Q

cere - voluntary movement

A

axtia, intention tremor, D and D, nystagmus

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23
Q

what is the purpose of a CT scan vs MRI

A

better for imaging bones and blood vessels, while MRIs are better for imaging soft tissue

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24
Q

spacity vs rigidity

A

spa: movement and then it is restricted, velocity dependent

rigdity: will not let you move from the start

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25
Q

difference between hypokinesia and bradykinesia

A

Bradykinesia is a complex consisting of slowness of movement

hypokinesia (small or decreasing amplitude movement),

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26
Q

what is akinsia

A

inability to initiate movement

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27
Q

what happens with parkinsons

A

depletion of dopamine in substantia nigra

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28
Q

what is the difference between resting tremor and intention tremor

A

resting - seen at rest

intention - seen when starting to move

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29
Q

is park seen more in men or women

A

men

older adults

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30
Q

what are the cardinal signs of parks

A
  • Tremor (Resting)
  • Rigidity
  • Akinesia
  • Postural instability
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31
Q

what is park gait

A

a walking pattern that’s characterized by short, shuffling steps, reduced arm swing, and difficulty starting and stopping

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32
Q

TRAP - park

A

tremor - intention

Rigidity - cogwheel or leadpipe, proximal, intially proximal

Akinesia - cannot inciate movement

postural instability - throcic kyphosis and forward head

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33
Q

what is the diffierence between cog wheel and leadpipe

A

cog - rachet like

lead- smooth and consistent thorughout

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34
Q

Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 1

A

unilateral if present.

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35
Q

Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 2

A

Minimal bilateral or midline involvement.

Balance not impaired.

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36
Q

Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 3

A

Unsteadiness when turning or rising from chair.

Some activities are restricted, but patient can live independently

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37
Q

Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 4

A

Standing and walking possible only with assistance.

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38
Q

Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 5

A

Confined to bed or wheelchair.

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39
Q

Early symptoms: park

A
  • Loss of smell
  • Constipation
  • Sleep disorders
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40
Q

motor sign of park

A

Hypophonia, mask-like face, micrographia

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41
Q

what us hypophonia

A

a person’s voice to be abnormally soft, weak, and breathy.

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42
Q

respiration and park

A

a person’s voice to be abnormally soft, weak, and breathy.

43
Q

Cognition/Behavior: park

A

Difficulty with dual tasking, depression, dementia

44
Q

BP and park

A

ortho hypotensio

45
Q

what is Freezing of Gait in park

A

Sudden inability to initiate movement

46
Q

what are some things to do to combat reezing of gait

A

̶Visual Targets – Drop a tissue, music, wide doorways/modify
environment

47
Q

what is Festinating Gait park

A

Short stride, shuffling, increasing speed, anteropulsive, decreased arm swing

48
Q

what can we do for Festinating Gait park

A

̶Add toe wedge or declined heel to move COM posteriorly

49
Q

what is the main treatment for park

A

big movements

50
Q

what is the main drug treatment for park

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa:

51
Q

what is the issue with Levodopa/Carbidopa:

A

on/off phases

Random fluctuations in motor performance and
responses

52
Q

what are the on/off time call for levodopa

A

̶Dyskinesia: On phase
̶Dystonia: Off phase

53
Q

when should a PT be scheduled around levodopa

A

PT one hour after dose

54
Q

diet and levodopa

A

*High-protein diet can block the effectiveness of levodopa

55
Q

what is DYSKINESIA

A

Involuntary, repetitive, smooth,
muscle movements
* e.g., snake-like twisting of arm

56
Q

what is enbloc turning

A

the whole body terms instead of just the head of body

57
Q

what muscle groups do DYSKINESIA effect

A

Affects large muscle groups
(arms, head, trunk, legs)

58
Q

is DYSKINESIA on or off phase

A

on

59
Q

what is DYSTONIA

A

Prolonged, involuntary muscle
contractions; muscle spasm
* e.g., toe curling

60
Q

what muscle groups do DYSTONIA effect

A

Affects a specific muscle or group
of muscles

61
Q

DYSTONIA on or off

A

off

62
Q

what causes MS 2/2

A

AUTOIMMUNE disease

  • Progressive demyelination
    of the neurons in CNS
63
Q

MS - motor symtoms

A

spasicty

64
Q

MS - sensory

A

numbness and paratheis

65
Q

what is Pseudobulbar affect

A

a neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable episodes of laughing or crying that are inappropriate for the situation

66
Q

is MS a UMN or LMN disorder

A

UMN

67
Q

Pseudobulbar affect is often seen with what disease

A

MS and ALS

68
Q

what is Optic Neuritis,

A

nerve becomes inflamed and swollen, which can cause vision loss and other symptoms

seen with MS

69
Q

what is Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

a chronic pain condition that causes sudden, severe, shock-like facial pain.

seen with MS

70
Q

what is the big feature seen with MS

A

fatigue

71
Q

what are the Unique Signs and Symptoms of MS

A
  1. Lhermitte’s Sign
  2. Uhthoff’s Phenomenon
  3. Charcot’s Triad
  4. Cranial Nerve- II
72
Q

what is Lhermitte’s Sign

A

transient electric shock sensation down the spine and extremities caused by neck flexion.

MS

hair messy - when you bend your head you hair gets messy

73
Q

what is Uhthoff’s Phenomenon

A

It is characterized by a temporary worsening of MS symptoms when your body’s temperature is raised by fever, exercise, or using a hot tub or sauna.

MS

Utha is warm

74
Q

what is Charcot’s Triad

A

nystagmus, intention tremor, and ataxic dysarthria.

SIN - scanning, speech, intention tremor, nys

75
Q

what is Progressive Relapsing MS

A

Steady increase
in disability with superimposed attacks

76
Q

what is Secondary Progressive MS

A

Initially RR,
then symptoms increase without
periods of remission

77
Q

what is Primary Progressive MS

A

Steady increase in
disability without attacks/exacerbations

78
Q

CN 2 and MS

A

marcus gun pupil

with the oupillary light reflex the eye dilated instead of contricting

79
Q

what is Relapse-Remitting RR MS

A

Short duration
attacks with full or partial recovery,
may or may not leave lasting
symptoms/deficits

80
Q

what is optic neutris

A

inflammation of CN II

seen with MS

81
Q

what is the most common type of MS

A

Relapse-Remitting RR MS

82
Q

what are the main MS intervention

A

Do not overfatigue

  • Manage Overheating/
    Temperature
  • Energy conservation
83
Q

when is the best time to work with MS pt’s

A

Exercise is best in the morning

84
Q

what is the best intensity for MS pt’s

A

Low intensity (3-5 METS)
50-70% VO2 (SUBMAX)

85
Q

MS pt - freq

A

3-5x/week (alternating days,
mornings if possible)

86
Q

what is ALS

A

Progressive neurological
disorder that damages
nerve cells and causes
disability

  • Death of motor neuron
87
Q

what are the signs and sym of ALS - motor neurons

A

UMN & LMN presentation without sensory loss

88
Q

ALS - LMN sign

A

̶Muscle atrophy, fasciculations (LMN)

89
Q

ALS - UMN sign

A

̶Spasticity, hyperreflexia (UMN)

90
Q

what are bulbar ALS symtoms

A

̶Dysphagia, dysarthria (Bulbar)

91
Q

what is the only thing effects with ALS

A

only motor neurons

92
Q

what is the most common cause of death in ALS pt’s

A

Respiratory muscle weakness

93
Q

what is the medical managment for ALS

A

no specific ALS

  • No effective treatment for disease
94
Q

PT Management for ALS

A

Focus on functional activities/ADLs and energy conservation initially and end stages

avoid over fatigue

95
Q

what type of issues is Guillain-Barré Syndrome

A

an autoimmune issue

96
Q

when does Guillain-Barré Syndrome appear

A

after an infection

97
Q

what is Guillain-Barré Syndrome

A

Acute inflammatory DEMYELINATING
POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY

Rapid asymmetrical loss of myelin in
nerve roots, peripheral nerves and
cranial nerves

98
Q

what are the sign and sym of Guillain-Barré Syndrome - motor

A

̶DISTAL TO PROXIMAL
̶Rapid and progressive

99
Q

what are the sign and sym of Guillain-Barré Syndrome - sensory

A

̶Glove and stocking
̶Burning, tingling, numbness

100
Q

what are the sign and sym of Guillain-Barré Syndrome - reflexes

A
  • Decreased reflexes/Areflexia
101
Q

Guillain-Barré Syndrome - * Respiratory and cranial involvement:

A

VII (facial)
IX (gloss)
X (vestibular)
XI (accessory spinal)
XII (hypoglossal)

102
Q

what is GBS Intervention

A
  • Respiratory care
  • Teach energy conservation techniques
  • Avoid overuse and fatigue (can prolong recovery)
103
Q

what is the recovery rate for GB

A

Recovery: 6-12 months, may recover fully

FF: neuro content (7 decks)

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