Class #2: Food Composition and Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 6 elements making up living things?
CHOPNS
True or False: Micro nutrients are organic.
False, inorganic.
Define Specific Heat Capacity.
The amount of energy it takes to raise a given amount of material to a certain temperature.
True or False: Hard water has a high concentration of Na+
False. Hard water has a higher concentration of Ca and Mg, soft water has a higher concentration of Na
True or false: Water boils faster at higher altitudes.
True. Water boils at a lower temperature.
What is a dispersion?
A mixture containing particles dispersed in a continuous phase.
What are the three types of dispersion?
Solution, Colloidal, Coarse.
What determines how quickly food decays?
Water activity (aw) more water=quicker decay
True or false: Plants are the primary source of carbohydrates.
True, made in photosynthesis.
True or false: Maltose is glucose+fructose
False. Maltose is glucose+glucose
Where are ribose and arabinose found?
Ribose: Nucleosides and Vit B2, Arabinose: Part of plant structure.
What are oligosaccharides used for?
Bulking agents and fat replacers
Where are raffinose and stachyose (oligosaccharides) found?
Dried beans, they are not broken down well and contribute to gas.
What is the function of fructooligosaccharides?
Act as prebiotics-food for gut bacteria
What does glycogen turn into during slaughter?
Lactic Acid.
True or False: Insoluble fibre soaks up water like a sponge, therefore softening stool.
True
Define hemicellulose.
Monosaccharides in cell wall, simpler structure than cellulose
Define Pectic substances.
Polysaccharides found between and within cell walls in plants.
Define Vegetable Gums
Hydrocolloids, composed of simple sugars.
Define Inulin
Repeating units of fructose, with an ending molecule of fructose.
Define Lignin
Long chains of Phenolic acid, not a carbohydrate. Tough and stringy.
Where in a whole grain is most of the fibre stored?
The Bran
Where in a whole grain are the vitamins and minerals?
The Germ
True or False: Triglycerides make up 20% of dietary lipids.
False. 95%
What is a complete protein?
Contains all the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts for body maintenance and growth.
True or False: Plant proteins will support maintenance but not growth.
True
Define protein complementation
Using two incomplete protein foods, each which supply missing AA’s from the other, and combine to make a whole protein.
Which of these amino acids is not essential?
a. Isoleucine
b. Valine
c. Serine
d. Leucine
C
Which of these amino acids are essential?
a. Tryptophan
b. Proline
c. Glycine
d. Alanine
A
Define Coagulation
Curdling/congealing of a protein.
True or False: Vitamin B6 is Niacin
False. B6 is pyridoxine, Niacin is B3.
True or false: Vitamins can be destroyed by heat or light, but minerals cannot be.
True
Allyl Sulfides are found in which foods?
Garlic, onion, leek, chive
What phytochemical do soybeans contain?
Isoflavones
What phytochemical do citrus fruits contain?
Limonoids
Saponins are found in which foods?
Beans and legumes
Indoles are found in which foods?
Cruciferous Vegetables
Polyphenols are found in which foods?
Green tea, Grapes, Wine
What phytochemical do cherries contain?
Terpenes
What phytochemical do cruciferous vegetables contain?
Isothiocyanates, and indoles
